Math Problem Statement

Gunakan hukum aljabar proposisi untuk menunjukkan bahwa: (1) (p → q) ∧ (p → r) ≡ p → (q ∧ r), (2) (p → r) ∨ (q → r) ≡ (p ∧ q) → r, (3) p ↔ q ≡ (p ∧ q) ∨ (¬p ∧ ¬q), (4) [(p ∧ q) ∨ (¬p ∨ ¬q)] → (p ∨ r) ≡ T, (5) (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ (q ∧ ¬r) ∨ (r ∧ ¬p) ∨ (p ∧ q ∧ r) ≡ p ∨ q ∨ r.

Solution

The image you uploaded contains a set of exercises on propositional logic using algebraic laws. I will help you with the solutions step-by-step.

Here is the first problem:

  1. (pq)(pr)p(qr)(p \rightarrow q) \land (p \rightarrow r) \equiv p \rightarrow (q \land r)

Let's solve this using logical equivalences:

  • (pq)(p \rightarrow q) can be rewritten as (¬pq)(\neg p \lor q).
  • (pr)(p \rightarrow r) can be rewritten as (¬pr)(\neg p \lor r).

Thus, the left-hand side (LHS) of the expression becomes: (¬pq)(¬pr)(\neg p \lor q) \land (\neg p \lor r)

Now, using the distributive property of logical conjunction: (¬pq)(¬pr)¬p(qr)(\neg p \lor q) \land (\neg p \lor r) \equiv \neg p \lor (q \land r)

This expression is logically equivalent to p(qr)p \rightarrow (q \land r), since ¬p(qr)\neg p \lor (q \land r) is the definition of the implication p(qr)p \rightarrow (q \land r).

Therefore, the expression (pq)(pr)p(qr)(p \rightarrow q) \land (p \rightarrow r) \equiv p \rightarrow (q \land r) is true.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Propositional Logic
Algebra of Propositions

Formulas

Implication: p → q ≡ ¬p ∨ q
Biconditional: p ↔ q ≡ (p ∧ q) ∨ (¬p ∧ ¬q)
Distributive Property: (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r) ≡ p ∨ (q ∧ r)

Theorems

Logical Equivalences
Truth Tables
Algebra of Propositions

Suitable Grade Level

University-level (Propositional Logic/Discrete Mathematics)