To express 54 as a product of prime numbers, we perform prime factorization.

1. Begin by dividing 54 by the smallest prime number, which is 2: $54 \div 2 = 27$ So, 54 = $2 \times 27$.

2. Next, factor 27. The smallest prime factor of 27 is 3: $27 \div 3 = 9$ So, 27 = $3 \times 9$, making $54 = 2 \times 3 \times 9$.

3. Now, factor 9. The prime factor of 9 is 3: $9 \div 3 = 3$ So, $9 = 3 \times 3$, making $54 = 2 \times 3 \times 3 \times 3$.

Thus, the prime factorization of 54 is: $54 = 2 \times 3^3$

Would you like more details or further explanation?

Here are 5 follow-up questions for deeper understanding:

1. How do you identify prime numbers when performing prime factorization?
2. What is the significance of prime factorization in number theory?
3. Can every number be factored into prime numbers?
4. How does prime factorization help in finding the greatest common divisor (GCD)?
5. Can prime factorization be used in solving other types of math problems, such as fractions?

Tip: When performing prime factorization, always start dividing by the smallest prime number and continue dividing until you reach prime factors for each quotient.