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The image contains several questions related to electrical power systems and fault analysis. Here’s a breakdown of the questions:

### 4 (a) Draw and explain zones of protection using a typical single-line diagram of a power system.
(i) **Explain the electrical fault clearing process** on the power system using a simple diagram.

### 4 (b) Obtain the **fault current** and **fault MVA** of a three-phase 40 MVA, 11 kV alternator with transient reactance of 10% if a three-phase short circuit fault occurs on it.

### 4 (c) Determine the **per unit value** of the resistance, if the resistance is 25 ohms, taking the base as 11 kV and 50 MVA.

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Here are some related questions you might want to explore:
1. What is the concept of zones of protection in power systems?
2. How do electrical faults affect power systems, and how are they cleared?
3. What is transient reactance, and how does it influence fault current calculation?
4. How can the fault MVA be calculated using system parameters?
5. What is the per unit system, and why is it used in power system analysis?

**Tip:** The per unit system simplifies power system calculations by normalizing quantities to a common base, reducing complexity when dealing with transformers and multiple voltage levels.

4(a) Draw and explain zones of protection using a typical single line diagram of power system. (i) Explain the electrical fault clearing process on the power system using a simple diagram. (b) Obtain the fault current and fault MVA of a three-phase 40 MVA, 11 kV alternator with transient reactance of 10% if a three-phase short circuit fault occurs on it. (c) Determine the per unit value of the resistance, if the resistance is 25 ohms, taking the base as 11 kV and 50 MVA.

Solve a three-phase fault current problem for a 40 MVA, 11 kV alternator with 10% transient reactance. Also, learn how to calculate per unit resistance using given parameters. This problem involves key concepts in electrical engineering, such as the per unit system and fault current calculation.

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