Math Problem Statement

A man launches his boat from point A on a bank of a straight river, 4 km wide, and wants to reach point B, 1 km downstream on the opposite bank, as quickly as possible. He can row 6 km/h and run 8 km/h. How far downstream from C should he land to reach B as soon as possible?

Solution

To solve this problem, we need to determine where the man should land in order to reach point B as quickly as possible.

  1. Rowing to point D:

    Let's assume the point D is xx km downstream from C. This means:

    • The distance he rows (AD) can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem: AD=(4km)2+x2\text{AD} = \sqrt{(4\, \text{km})^2 + x^2}

    • The time taken to row to D: trow=16+x26t_{\text{row}} = \frac{\sqrt{16 + x^2}}{6}

    • The distance he runs (DB) is 1x1 - x km.

    • The time taken to run to B: trun=1x8t_{\text{run}} = \frac{1 - x}{8}

    • The total time tt is: t=16+x26+1x8t = \frac{\sqrt{16 + x^2}}{6} + \frac{1 - x}{8}

  2. Minimizing the Total Time:

    We want to find the value of xx that minimizes tt.

    To do this, take the derivative of tt with respect to xx and set it to zero: ddx(16+x26+1x8)=0\frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{\sqrt{16 + x^2}}{6} + \frac{1 - x}{8} \right) = 0

    Differentiating, we get: x616+x218=0\frac{x}{6\sqrt{16 + x^2}} - \frac{1}{8} = 0

    Solving for xx, you get: x616+x2=18\frac{x}{6\sqrt{16 + x^2}} = \frac{1}{8}

    Cross-multiply and simplify: 8x=616+x28x = 6\sqrt{16 + x^2}

    64x2=36(16+x2)64x^2 = 36(16 + x^2)

    64x2=576+36x264x^2 = 576 + 36x^2

    28x2=57628x^2 = 576

    x2=57628x^2 = \frac{576}{28}

    x2=20.57x^2 = 20.57

    x20.574.53x \approx \sqrt{20.57} \approx 4.53

  3. Conclusion: According to the calculations, point D is approximately 0.53 km downstream from C. Therefore, to minimize the time to reach B, he should land about 0.53 km downstream from C.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Optimization
Pythagorean Theorem
Calculus - Minimization

Formulas

AD = sqrt(4^2 + x^2)
t_row = sqrt(16 + x^2) / 6
t_run = (1 - x) / 8
Total Time: t = t_row + t_run

Theorems

Pythagorean Theorem
Derivative Test for Minima

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Math or Advanced High School (Grades 11-12)