Math Problem Statement

Let f(x) = x^3 + x^2 + 4x - 4 = 0 be given the function. Given the first approximation at x_0 = 2, the value of the next approximation x_1 in Newton's method, which is accurate to two decimal places, is?

Solution

To solve for the next approximation x1x_1 in Newton's method, we use the formula:

xn+1=xnf(xn)f(xn)x_{n+1} = x_n - \frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)}

Given:

  • f(x)=x3+x2+4x4f(x) = x^3 + x^2 + 4x - 4
  • x0=2x_0 = 2

Step 1: Calculate f(2)f(2)

Substitute x=2x = 2 into f(x)f(x):

f(2)=23+22+424=8+4+84=16f(2) = 2^3 + 2^2 + 4 \cdot 2 - 4 = 8 + 4 + 8 - 4 = 16

Step 2: Find f(x)f'(x)

The derivative f(x)f'(x) is calculated as follows:

f(x)=3x2+2x+4f'(x) = 3x^2 + 2x + 4

Now, calculate f(2)f'(2):

f(2)=322+22+4=34+4+4=12+4+4=20f'(2) = 3 \cdot 2^2 + 2 \cdot 2 + 4 = 3 \cdot 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 + 4 + 4 = 20

Step 3: Apply Newton's Method Formula

Now substitute x0=2x_0 = 2, f(2)=16f(2) = 16, and f(2)=20f'(2) = 20 into the Newton's method formula:

x1=21620=20.8=1.2x_1 = 2 - \frac{16}{20} = 2 - 0.8 = 1.2

So, the next approximation x1x_1, accurate to two decimal places, is: 1.20\boxed{1.20}

Let me know if you'd like further details on any steps, or if you have questions!

Here are some related questions to explore:

  1. How does Newton's method converge for different initial values?
  2. What are the potential drawbacks of Newton's method?
  3. Can we apply Newton's method to functions with no real roots?
  4. What happens if the derivative f(x)f'(x) is zero at an approximation?
  5. How does the convergence speed of Newton's method compare with other root-finding methods?

Tip: Newton's method works best when the initial guess is close to the actual root, as it can diverge otherwise.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Newton's Method
Derivatives

Formulas

x_{n+1} = x_n - f(x_n) / f'(x_n)

Theorems

Newton's Method for root-finding

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Calculus (Grade 12+)