Math Problem Statement

Illustrate that the graph of f(x) = (3 - 4x) / e^(2x) has minimum value at x = 5/4.

Solution

The problem asks to show that the function f(x)=34xe2xf(x) = \frac{3 - 4x}{e^{2x}} has a minimum value when x=54x = \frac{5}{4}.

Steps to verify this:

  1. Function and Critical Points: To find the critical points, we first differentiate the function f(x)f(x).

    The function is: f(x)=34xe2xf(x) = \frac{3 - 4x}{e^{2x}}

    Using the quotient rule for differentiation: f(x)=(e2x)ddx(34x)(34x)ddx(e2x)(e2x)2f'(x) = \frac{(e^{2x}) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(3 - 4x) - (3 - 4x) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(e^{2x})}{(e^{2x})^2} Simplifying: f(x)=4e2x(34x)2e2xe4xf'(x) = \frac{-4e^{2x} - (3 - 4x) \cdot 2e^{2x}}{e^{4x}} f(x)=4e2x2(34x)e2xe4xf'(x) = \frac{-4e^{2x} - 2(3 - 4x)e^{2x}}{e^{4x}} Factor out e2xe^{2x} from the numerator: f(x)=e2x[42(34x)]e4x=46+8xe2x=8x10e2xf'(x) = \frac{e^{2x}[-4 - 2(3 - 4x)]}{e^{4x}} = \frac{-4 - 6 + 8x}{e^{2x}} = \frac{8x - 10}{e^{2x}}

  2. Set the derivative equal to zero to find the critical points: 8x10=08x - 10 = 0 x=108=54x = \frac{10}{8} = \frac{5}{4}

    Therefore, the critical point is x=54x = \frac{5}{4}.

  3. Second Derivative Test: To confirm that this is a minimum, we can check the second derivative f(x)f''(x). Differentiating f(x)f'(x): f(x)=8x10e2xf'(x) = \frac{8x - 10}{e^{2x}} Differentiate again using the quotient rule: f(x)=8e2x(8x10)2e2xe4x=8e2x2(8x10)e2xe4xf''(x) = \frac{8e^{2x} - (8x - 10) \cdot 2e^{2x}}{e^{4x}} = \frac{8e^{2x} - 2(8x - 10)e^{2x}}{e^{4x}} Simplifying: f(x)=e2x[82(8x10)]e4x=816x+20e2x=2816xe2xf''(x) = \frac{e^{2x}[8 - 2(8x - 10)]}{e^{4x}} = \frac{8 - 16x + 20}{e^{2x}} = \frac{28 - 16x}{e^{2x}} At x=54x = \frac{5}{4}: f(54)=281654e254=2820e5/2=8e5/2>0f''\left(\frac{5}{4}\right) = \frac{28 - 16 \cdot \frac{5}{4}}{e^{2 \cdot \frac{5}{4}}} = \frac{28 - 20}{e^{5/2}} = \frac{8}{e^{5/2}} > 0

    Since f(54)>0f''\left(\frac{5}{4}\right) > 0, the function has a local minimum at x=54x = \frac{5}{4}.

Thus, the function f(x)f(x) has a minimum value at x=54x = \frac{5}{4}, which matches the condition given in the problem.

Would you like a more detailed explanation or any clarifications on this?

Here are 5 related questions you might find helpful:

  1. How do we use the quotient rule in differentiation?
  2. What does the second derivative test indicate about a function's concavity?
  3. Can a function have more than one critical point?
  4. How is the second derivative related to the shape of the graph?
  5. What are other methods to find critical points of a function?

Tip: Always check the second derivative when you want to confirm whether a critical point is a minimum or maximum!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Differentiation
Second Derivative Test
Critical Points

Formulas

f(x) = (3 - 4x) / e^(2x)
Quotient Rule: f'(x) = (u'v - uv') / v^2
Second Derivative Test: f''(x)

Theorems

Quotient Rule
Second Derivative Test

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12