Math Problem Statement

A three-phase bridge rectifier is supplied by 400V (line-line rms), 50Hz, three phase grid. The full bridge rectifier is connected to a resistive load of 1000 Watt. If the maximum output voltage ripple requirement is 15% of the peak line-to-line input voltage, what is the minimum possible capacitor (in μF) ______.

Solution

Let's break this problem down step by step:

Given:

  • Line-to-line RMS voltage: VLL=400VV_{LL} = 400 \, \text{V}
  • Frequency: f=50Hzf = 50 \, \text{Hz}
  • Load power: Pload=1000WP_{\text{load}} = 1000 \, \text{W}
  • Ripple voltage requirement: ΔVripple=15%×Vpeak, LL\Delta V_{\text{ripple}} = 15\% \times V_{\text{peak, LL}}

Step 1: Calculate the peak line-to-line voltage

The line-to-line RMS voltage (VLLV_{LL}) is related to the peak line-to-line voltage (Vpeak, LLV_{\text{peak, LL}}) by the following formula: Vpeak, LL=2×VLLV_{\text{peak, LL}} = \sqrt{2} \times V_{LL} Vpeak, LL=2×400V565.7VV_{\text{peak, LL}} = \sqrt{2} \times 400 \, \text{V} \approx 565.7 \, \text{V}

Step 2: Calculate the output DC voltage

For a three-phase full-bridge rectifier, the average DC output voltage VDCV_{\text{DC}} is approximately: VDC=32π×VLLV_{\text{DC}} = \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{\pi} \times V_{\text{LL}} Substituting VLL=400VV_{\text{LL}} = 400 \, \text{V}: VDC32π×400V548.7VV_{\text{DC}} \approx \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{\pi} \times 400 \, \text{V} \approx 548.7 \, \text{V}

Step 3: Calculate the load current

From the power equation P=VDC×IDCP = V_{\text{DC}} \times I_{\text{DC}}, we can solve for the load current: IDC=PloadVDCI_{\text{DC}} = \frac{P_{\text{load}}}{V_{\text{DC}}} Substitute Pload=1000WP_{\text{load}} = 1000 \, \text{W} and VDC548.7VV_{\text{DC}} \approx 548.7 \, \text{V}: IDC=1000548.71.82AI_{\text{DC}} = \frac{1000}{548.7} \approx 1.82 \, \text{A}

Step 4: Calculate the required capacitance

The ripple voltage ΔVripple\Delta V_{\text{ripple}} is given by the formula: ΔVripple=IDCfC\Delta V_{\text{ripple}} = \frac{I_{\text{DC}}}{f \cdot C} Where:

  • IDCI_{\text{DC}} is the DC current,
  • ff is the frequency of the ripple, which is 2f=100Hz2f = 100 \, \text{Hz} (for a three-phase rectifier),
  • CC is the capacitance.

Rearrange to solve for CC: C=IDCΔVripplefC = \frac{I_{\text{DC}}}{\Delta V_{\text{ripple}} \cdot f}

We are given that the ripple voltage is 15% of the peak line-to-line voltage: ΔVripple=0.15×Vpeak, LL=0.15×565.7V84.86V\Delta V_{\text{ripple}} = 0.15 \times V_{\text{peak, LL}} = 0.15 \times 565.7 \, \text{V} \approx 84.86 \, \text{V}

Substitute the values: C=1.8284.86×1001.8284862.14×104FC = \frac{1.82}{84.86 \times 100} \approx \frac{1.82}{8486} \approx 2.14 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{F} C214μFC \approx 214 \, \mu\text{F}

Final Answer:

The minimum possible capacitance is approximately 214 μF.


Would you like further details or explanations on any part of this solution?

Here are some related questions:

  1. How does the frequency of the grid impact the output voltage ripple in a rectifier?
  2. How do you calculate the peak voltage in a three-phase system?
  3. What are the advantages of using a capacitor in a DC filter?
  4. What is the impact of load resistance on the performance of a rectifier?
  5. How would the output voltage change if the load power was increased to 1500 W?

Tip: When calculating the capacitance required for a specific ripple voltage, ensure that the frequency and the ripple requirement are carefully considered, as they directly affect the value.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Rectifiers
Ripple voltage
Capacitance
AC to DC conversion
Power calculations

Formulas

V_peak_LL = √2 × V_LL
V_DC = (3√2/π) × V_LL
I_DC = P_load / V_DC
ΔV_ripple = I_DC / (f × C)
C = I_DC / (ΔV_ripple × f)

Theorems

Capacitor filtering in rectifiers
Three-phase rectification

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Engineering