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Let's solve the conversions step by step:

1. **Convert 0.08 kg to grams (g):**
   - 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g).
   - \( 0.08 \, \text{kg} \times 1000 = 80 \, \text{g} \).

2. **Convert 170 g to milligrams (mg):**
   - 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg).
   - \( 170 \, \text{g} \times 1000 = 170,000 \, \text{mg} \).

3. **Convert 21 mg to grams (g):**
   - 1 milligram (mg) = 0.001 grams (g).
   - \( 21 \, \text{mg} \times 0.001 = 0.021 \, \text{g} \).

4. **Convert 40 °C to °F:**
   - The formula to convert Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F) is:
   \[
   °F = (°C \times \frac{9}{5}) + 32
   \]
   - \( 40 \, °C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32 = 104 \, °F \).

### Summary of the answers:
- \( 0.08 \, \text{kg} = 80 \, \text{g} \)
- \( 170 \, \text{g} = 170,000 \, \text{mg} \)
- \( 21 \, \text{mg} = 0.021 \, \text{g} \)
- \( 40 \, °C = 104 \, °F \)

Would you like more details on any of these conversions? Here are some related questions:

1. How would you convert kilograms to milligrams directly?
2. What is the reverse process for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius?
3. How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?
4. What is the difference between weight and mass in scientific terms?
5. Why do we use the formula \( °F = (°C \times \frac{9}{5}) + 32 \) to convert temperatures?
6. How do you convert meters to centimeters and then to millimeters?
7. What are some common units of mass in the metric system?
8. How would you convert 5000 mg to kilograms?

**Tip:** Always double-check unit conversions by using the relationship between units. This ensures accuracy, especially in complex calculations.

Explore metric conversions from kilograms to grams, grams to milligrams, and Celsius to Fahrenheit with detailed step-by-step solutions. Learn about unit relationships and temperature conversions in scientific contexts.

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