Math Problem Statement

In the figure, the base radius and the height of the inverted circular conical vessel are 6 cm and 14 cm respectively. 475 cm³ of water is poured into the vessel without overflowing. (a) Find the height of the water level, correct to the nearest 0.1 cm. (b) Find the area of the wet surface, correct to the nearest 0.1 cm².

Solution

To solve the problem, let’s break it down step by step:


Part (a): Find the height of the water level

The conical vessel has:

  • A base radius R=6cmR = 6 \, \text{cm}
  • A height H=14cmH = 14 \, \text{cm}
  • A volume of water poured into it V=475cm3V = 475 \, \text{cm}^3.

The formula for the volume of a cone is:

V=13πr2hV = \frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 h

Here, rr and hh are the radius and height of the water level in the cone. Since the cone is similar in shape to the entire vessel, the radius of the water surface at height hh is proportional to hh:

rh=614    r=37h\frac{r}{h} = \frac{6}{14} \implies r = \frac{3}{7}h

Substitute r=37hr = \frac{3}{7}h into the volume formula:

V=13π(37h)2hV = \frac{1}{3} \pi \left( \frac{3}{7}h \right)^2 h

Simplify the expression:

V=13π949h3=3π49h3V = \frac{1}{3} \pi \cdot \frac{9}{49} h^3 = \frac{3 \pi}{49} h^3

Set V=475cm3V = 475 \, \text{cm}^3:

3π49h3=475\frac{3 \pi}{49} h^3 = 475

Solve for h3h^3:

h3=475493π2468.73h^3 = \frac{475 \cdot 49}{3 \pi} \approx 2468.73

h=2468.73313.5cmh = \sqrt[3]{2468.73} \approx 13.5 \, \text{cm}

So, the height of the water level is approximately:

13.5cm\boxed{13.5 \, \text{cm}}


Part (b): Find the area of the wet surface

The wet surface includes:

  1. The curved surface area of the water.
  2. The circular base area of the water.

1. Curved Surface Area of the Water

The slant height of the cone (denoted ll) for the water can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem:

l=r2+h2=(37h)2+h2=h(37)2+1=h949+1=h5849l = \sqrt{r^2 + h^2} = \sqrt{\left( \frac{3}{7}h \right)^2 + h^2} = h \sqrt{\left( \frac{3}{7} \right)^2 + 1} = h \sqrt{\frac{9}{49} + 1} = h \sqrt{\frac{58}{49}}

At h=13.5cmh = 13.5 \, \text{cm}, the radius r=37h=3713.55.79cmr = \frac{3}{7}h = \frac{3}{7} \cdot 13.5 \approx 5.79 \, \text{cm}, and ll becomes:

l=13.5584915.92cml = 13.5 \sqrt{\frac{58}{49}} \approx 15.92 \, \text{cm}

The curved surface area (CSA) is given by:

CSA=πrl=π5.7915.92289.2cm2\text{CSA} = \pi r l = \pi \cdot 5.79 \cdot 15.92 \approx 289.2 \, \text{cm}^2

2. Circular Base Area of the Water

The base area is given by:

Base Area=πr2=π5.792105.4cm2\text{Base Area} = \pi r^2 = \pi \cdot 5.79^2 \approx 105.4 \, \text{cm}^2

Total Wet Surface Area

Add the two areas:

Total Area=289.2+105.4=394.6cm2\text{Total Area} = 289.2 + 105.4 = 394.6 \, \text{cm}^2

The total wet surface area is approximately:

394.6cm2\boxed{394.6 \, \text{cm}^2}


Let me know if you'd like any clarifications or further details! Here are some related questions:

  1. What is the derivation of the cone volume formula?
  2. How does the similarity of triangles apply to this problem?
  3. Can you calculate the surface area if the water height changes?
  4. What happens to the wet surface area if the cone dimensions are doubled?
  5. How would the solution change if the cone were truncated?

Tip: Always check unit consistency and proportionality when working with similar shapes!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Geometry
Volume of cones
Surface area
Proportionality and similarity of triangles

Formulas

Volume of a cone: V = (1/3)πr²h
Curved surface area: πrl
Pythagorean theorem for slant height: l = √(r² + h²)

Theorems

Similarity of triangles
Pythagoras theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12