Math Problem Statement

sqrt{x+\sqrt{x^2-36}}dx

Solution

To solve the integral:

x+x236dx\int \sqrt{x + \sqrt{x^2 - 36}} \, dx

Let's go step-by-step to tackle this.

Step 1: Simplifying the expression

Notice that the square root expression x+x236\sqrt{x + \sqrt{x^2 - 36}} involves a nested square root. We can try simplifying it using substitution.

Let’s introduce a substitution: x=3sec(θ)x = 3 \sec(\theta) This substitution is often helpful when we have terms like x2a2\sqrt{x^2 - a^2}, as it transforms the square root into a trigonometric identity. In our case, a=6a = 6.

Step 2: Find dxdx and simplify the integral

Differentiating x=3sec(θ)x = 3 \sec(\theta), we get: dx=3sec(θ)tan(θ)dθdx = 3 \sec(\theta) \tan(\theta) \, d\theta

Now, substitute this into the integral: x236=9sec2(θ)36=9(sec2(θ)4)=3sec2(θ)4=3tan(θ)\sqrt{x^2 - 36} = \sqrt{9\sec^2(\theta) - 36} = \sqrt{9(\sec^2(\theta) - 4)} = 3\sqrt{\sec^2(\theta) - 4} = 3\tan(\theta)

Thus, the expression inside the square root becomes: x+x236=3sec(θ)+3tan(θ)x + \sqrt{x^2 - 36} = 3\sec(\theta) + 3\tan(\theta)

Now the integral transforms into: 3(sec(θ)+tan(θ))3sec(θ)tan(θ)dθ\int \sqrt{3(\sec(\theta) + \tan(\theta))} \cdot 3 \sec(\theta) \tan(\theta) \, d\theta

Step 3: Solve the new integral

This new form should be easier to tackle. We’ll need to simplify and possibly make further substitutions depending on how the expression looks. This type of integral is typically solved with trigonometric identities and standard calculus techniques.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Integration
Substitution
Trigonometric Substitution

Formulas

Substitution method: x = 3 sec(θ)
Differentiation of sec(θ)
Trigonometric identities: sec²(θ) - 4 = tan²(θ)

Theorems

Integration by substitution
Trigonometric substitution

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12