Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the integral \( \int \frac{dx}{\sin(x) \cos(x)} \).

Solution

The integral in the image appears to be:

dxsin(x)cos(x)\int \frac{dx}{\sin(x) \cos(x)}

This integral can be simplified by using a trigonometric identity. Recall that:

sin(2x)=2sin(x)cos(x)\sin(2x) = 2 \sin(x) \cos(x)

Thus, we can rewrite the integrand as:

1sin(x)cos(x)=2sin(2x)\frac{1}{\sin(x) \cos(x)} = \frac{2}{\sin(2x)}

This simplifies the integral to:

dxsin(x)cos(x)=2dxsin(2x)\int \frac{dx}{\sin(x) \cos(x)} = 2 \int \frac{dx}{\sin(2x)}

The integral of 1sin(2x)\frac{1}{\sin(2x)} is known, and it is the logarithmic form:

dxsin(2x)=12lncot(2x)\int \frac{dx}{\sin(2x)} = -\frac{1}{2} \ln|\cot(2x)|

Thus, the final result of the original integral is:

dxsin(x)cos(x)=lncot(x)+C\int \frac{dx}{\sin(x) \cos(x)} = -\ln|\cot(x)| + C

where CC is the constant of integration.

Would you like more details on any part of the solution?

Here are some related questions for further exploration:

  1. How can other trigonometric identities help simplify similar integrals?
  2. What is the integral of 1cos2(x)\frac{1}{\cos^2(x)}?
  3. How can substitution methods simplify trigonometric integrals?
  4. Can the integral of 1sin2(x)\frac{1}{\sin^2(x)} be calculated similarly?
  5. What is the relationship between logarithmic functions and trigonometric integrals?

Tip: Always look for ways to simplify trigonometric expressions using identities like double-angle formulas!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Integration
Trigonometric Identities

Formulas

\( \sin(2x) = 2 \sin(x) \cos(x) \)
Integral of \( \frac{dx}{\sin(2x)} = -\frac{1}{2} \ln|\cot(2x)| \)

Theorems

Double-angle formula for sine

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12, Early University