It seems there was an issue with displaying the image directly. Let me extract and analyze the mathematical content from the image to help you solve the problems.It seems there is an issue with processing the image. I'll retry extracting the mathematical content shortly.It looks like there is an ongoing issue with processing the image on my side. However, you can help by providing the specific text or details from the problems you'd like solved, or by uploading a clearer or alternative image file.

Once I have the text, I can guide you through solving the questions step-by-step. Let me know how you’d like to proceed!