Math Problem Statement

Find the general solution of the system of differential equations \( \mathbf{x}' = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 2 \\ -1 & -1 \end{pmatrix} \mathbf{x} \), describe its behavior, and identify the correct direction field.

Solution

From the uploaded image, here are the final answers based on the questions:


(a) General Solution:

The general solution is: x(t)=c1(11)e1+52t+c2(21)e152t.\mathbf{x}(t) = c_1 \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} e^{\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}t} + c_2 \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} e^{\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}t}.


(b) Behavior of the General Solution:

The behavior corresponds to a saddle point, with one solution growing exponentially and another decaying exponentially.

Correct choice:
Divergent solutions have trajectories defined by x12x2=c2-x_1 - 2x_2 = -c_2.


(c) Correct Direction Field:

Drag the point to the direction field that matches a saddle point behavior, which shows trajectories diverging and converging along specific directions.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Linear Algebra
Differential Equations
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Phase Plane Analysis

Formulas

General solution: \( \mathbf{x}(t) = c_1 \mathbf{v}_1 e^{\lambda_1 t} + c_2 \mathbf{v}_2 e^{\lambda_2 t} \)
Eigenvalue equation: \( \text{det}(A - \lambda I) = 0 \)

Theorems

Theory of linear systems and eigenvalues
Behavior of solutions based on eigenvalues (e.g., saddle points)

Suitable Grade Level

University Level