To find $(g \circ f)(-1)$, we first need to understand the composition of functions. $(g \circ f)(x)$ means $g(f(x))$, where we first apply $f(x)$ and then apply $g$ to the result of $f(x)$.

Given:

• $f(x) = 4x + 5$
• $g(x) = x^2 + 2$

Step 1: Find $f(-1)$

We substitute $-1$ into $f(x)$: [ f(-1) = 4(-1