To calculate the bandwidth and baud rate of an FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) signal, let's break down the process step-by-step.

1. Bandwidth of FSK Signal

The bandwidth of an FSK signal can be approximated using Carson's Rule. The formula for the bandwidth is:

$\text{Bandwidth (B)} = 2 \times (f_{\Delta} + R_b)$

where:

• $f_{\Delta}$ is the frequency deviation (the difference between the mark and space frequencies divided by 2),
• $R_b$ is the bit rate.

Let's calculate each term:

• Mark frequency ($f_m$) = 99 kHz
• Space frequency ($f_s$) = 101 kHz
• Bit rate ($R_b$) = 10 kbps

The frequency deviation $f_{\Delta}$ is given by:

$f_{\Delta} = \frac{f_s - f_m}{2} = \frac{101 \text{ kHz} - 99 \text{ kHz}}{2} = 1 \text{ kHz}$

Now we apply the formula for bandwidth:

$\text{Bandwidth (B)} = 2 \times (f_{\Delta} + R_b) = 2 \times (1 \text{ kHz} + 10 \text{ kbps})$ $\text{Bandwidth (B)} = 2 \times (1 \text{ kHz} + 10 \text{ kHz}) = 2 \times 11 \text{ kHz} = 22 \text{ kHz}$

Thus, the bandwidth of the FSK signal is 22 kHz.

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2. Baud Rate (Symbol Rate) of FSK Signal

For binary FSK (with only two frequencies, one for '0' and one for '1'), the baud rate is equal to the bit rate, as each symbol represents a single bit. Therefore:

$\text{Baud rate} = R_b = 10 \text{ kbps}$

Thus, the baud rate is 10,000 baud (or 10 kbaud).

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Summary:

• Bandwidth = 22 kHz
• Baud rate = 10 kbaud

Would you like further details or have any questions?

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Here are 5 related questions:

1. How does frequency deviation affect the bandwidth of an FSK signal?
2. What would happen to the bandwidth if the bit rate was doubled?
3. How is the baud rate calculated for M-ary FSK systems?
4. What are the practical uses of FSK in modern communication systems?
5. How does the choice of mark and space frequencies influence signal quality?

Tip: In FSK modulation, the larger the frequency deviation, the larger the bandwidth, but this can improve the signal’s noise resistance.