Math Problem Statement

Question content area top Part 1 An incomplete graph of the polynomial function f left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals negative x cubed plus 4 x squared plus 15 x minus 18 is shown on the right. a. Find all zeros of the function. b. Without using a graphing​ utility, draw a complete graph of the function. [-5, 0, 1] by [-35, 30, 5]

A coordinate system has a horizontal axis labeled from negative 5 to 0 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled from negative 35 to 30 in increments of 5. From left to right, a curve falls in quadrant 2 passing through a point 3 units to the left of the origin to a minimum in quadrant 3 and then rises crossing the y-axis. Question content area bottom Part 1 a. The zeros are    enter your response here. ​(Use a comma to separate answers as​ needed.) Part 2 b. Choose the correct graph of the function below. The scale for each graph is left bracket negative 10 comma 10 comma 1 right bracket by left bracket negative 65 comma 60 comma 5 right bracket . A. -10 10 -65 60

A coordinate system has a horizontal axis labeled from negative 10 to 10 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled from negative 65 to 60 in increments of 5. From left to right, a curve falls in quadrant 2 passing through a point 1 unit to the left of the origin to a minimum in quadrant 3, rises and passes through a point 6 units to the right the origin continuing through quadrant 1. B. -10 10 -65 60

A coordinate system has a horizontal axis labeled from negative 10 to 10 in increments of 1 and a vertical axis labeled from negative 65 to 60 in increments of 5. From left to right, a curve rises in quadrant 3 passing through a point 6 units to the left of the origin to a maximum in quadrant 2, falls and passes through a point 1 unit to the left of the origin to a minimum and then rises and passes through a point 3 units to the right of the origin continuing through quadrant 1. C. -10 10 -65 60

Solution

Let's break down each part of the question.

Part 1a: Find all zeros of the function f(x)=x3+4x2+15x18f(x) = -x^3 + 4x^2 + 15x - 18

To find the zeros, we need to solve the equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0:

x3+4x2+15x18=0-x^3 + 4x^2 + 15x - 18 = 0

We can attempt to factor this polynomial or apply the Rational Root Theorem to test possible rational roots. Commonly, integer factors of the constant term (-18) divided by factors of the leading coefficient (-1) yield possible rational roots: ±1,±2,±3,±6,±9,±18\pm 1, \pm 2, \pm 3, \pm 6, \pm 9, \pm 18.

Testing these values, we find that x=3x = 3 is a root (since substituting it into the equation gives zero). We can then factor out (x3)(x - 3) from the polynomial by performing synthetic division:

  1. Divide x3+4x2+15x18-x^3 + 4x^2 + 15x - 18 by (x3)(x - 3).
  2. The result is (x3)(x2+x+6)-(x - 3)(x^2 + x + 6).
  3. Solving x2+x+6=0x^2 + x + 6 = 0 gives complex roots (using the quadratic formula).

The zeros are: x=3,x=12+232i,x=12232ix = 3, x = -\frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{23}}{2}i, x = -\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{23}}{2}i

Part 1b: Draw a complete graph of the function without a graphing utility

Given the polynomial f(x)=x3+4x2+15x18f(x) = -x^3 + 4x^2 + 15x - 18, observe the following:

  • The function has a negative leading coefficient and an odd degree, meaning it will fall to the right and rise to the left.
  • The real root x=3x = 3 means the graph crosses the x-axis at this point.
  • The function’s end behavior and root at x=3x = 3 guide the general shape: a curve in the second quadrant falling toward a minimum in the third quadrant, then rising to cross the x-axis at x=3x = 3.

This suggests graph choice B is correct based on the described behavior and the placement of the curve through the origin and near x=3x = 3.

Would you like further details or clarification on this process?


  1. How do you use synthetic division to factor polynomials?
  2. What is the Rational Root Theorem, and how does it help find polynomial roots?
  3. How can we determine the end behavior of polynomial functions?
  4. Why do complex roots always appear in conjugate pairs?
  5. How can the quadratic formula help find complex roots of a polynomial?

Tip: When factoring higher-degree polynomials, check for any obvious real roots first using the Rational Root Theorem to simplify the problem.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Polynomial Functions
Graphing Polynomials
Complex Roots
End Behavior of Polynomials

Formulas

f(x) = -x^3 + 4x^2 + 15x - 18
Rational Root Theorem
Quadratic Formula: x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a

Theorems

Rational Root Theorem
Conjugate Root Theorem
End Behavior of Polynomial Functions

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12