Math Problem Statement

Let X be normally distributed with mean -3.8 and variance 12.96. Find a (correct up to at least 3 decimal places) such that 

P(X > 2a) = P( X < a).

Solution

Given that XX is normally distributed with mean μ=3.8\mu = -3.8 and variance σ2=12.96\sigma^2 = 12.96, we need to find the value of aa such that:

P(X>2a)=P(X<a)P(X > 2a) = P(X < a)

Step 1: Standardize the normal variable

Let ZZ be the standard normal variable, where:

Z=XμσZ = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}

Given μ=3.8\mu = -3.8 and σ=12.96=3.6\sigma = \sqrt{12.96} = 3.6, the standardization for the two probabilities is:

P(Xμσ>2aμσ)=P(Xμσ<aμσ)P\left(\frac{X - \mu}{\sigma} > \frac{2a - \mu}{\sigma}\right) = P\left(\frac{X - \mu}{\sigma} < \frac{a - \mu}{\sigma}\right)

This simplifies to:

P(Z>2a+3.83.6)=P(Z<a+3.83.6)P\left(Z > \frac{2a + 3.8}{3.6}\right) = P\left(Z < \frac{a + 3.8}{3.6}\right)

Step 2: Use the symmetry property of the normal distribution

The standard normal distribution is symmetric about zero. The equality P(Z>z1)=P(Z<z2)P(Z > z_1) = P(Z < z_2) holds when z2=z1z_2 = -z_1. Hence:

2a+3.83.6=a+3.83.6\frac{2a + 3.8}{3.6} = -\frac{a + 3.8}{3.6}

Step 3: Solve for aa

Now, equate and solve:

2a+3.8=a3.82a + 3.8 = -a - 3.8

Add aa to both sides:

3a+3.8=3.83a + 3.8 = -3.8

Subtract 3.8 from both sides:

3a=7.63a = -7.6

Finally, divide by 3:

a=7.63=2.5333a = \frac{-7.6}{3} = -2.5333\ldots

Final Answer:

Thus, the value of aa that satisfies the condition is 2.533\boxed{-2.533}.

Would you like more details or have any questions? Here are 5 related questions you might find interesting:

  1. What is the probability P(X>a)P(X > a) for the calculated value of aa?
  2. How would the solution change if the variance were different?
  3. What is the significance of symmetry in normal distribution problems?
  4. How do you interpret the z-scores obtained during standardization?
  5. How would you compute P(X>b)P(X > b) for any value bb using the given mean and variance?

Tip: When working with normal distributions, it's helpful to familiarize yourself with standard normal tables or use software to compute probabilities directly from z-scores.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Normal Distribution
Standardization
Symmetry in Normal Distribution

Formulas

Standard Normal Variable Formula: Z = (X - μ) / σ

Theorems

Symmetry Property of Normal Distribution

Suitable Grade Level

College