Math Problem Statement

%In this activity you will find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix.

%Consider the following matrix.

A = [3 1 0; 0 3 1; 0 0 3]

%Use the command poly() to find the characteristic polynomial.

CharacteristicPoly = poly(A)

%Use the command roots() to find the eigenvalues.

eigenvalues = roots(CharacteristicPoly)

%The eig() command returns diagonal matrix D of eigenvalues and matrix V whose

%columns are the corresponding eigenvectors. For example, the value on the diagional

%in the first column of D is the eigenvalue associated with the eigenvector in the first

%column of V. The eigenvectors in V are normalized, each having a magnitude of 1.

[V, D] = eig(A)

Use the following matrix C for this activity. C=(6 3 -8, 0 -2 0, 1 0 -3)

%Enter the matrix C.

%Find the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial. Store them in PolyCoeffs.

%Use the command roots() to find the eigenvalues. Store them in evals.

%Use the eig() command. Store the eigenvalues in matrix eigDiag. Store the associated

%eigenvectors in eigV.

Solution

Here are the results for matrix C=[638020103]C = \begin{bmatrix} 6 & 3 & -8 \\ 0 & -2 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -3 \end{bmatrix}:

  1. Characteristic Polynomial Coefficients (PolyCoeffs):
    1,1,16,201, -1, -16, -20

  2. Eigenvalues (evals):
    5,2+2.9×108i,22.9×108i5, -2 + 2.9 \times 10^{-8}i, -2 - 2.9 \times 10^{-8}i
    The second and third eigenvalues are complex but have a negligible imaginary part, indicating they are approximately 2-2.

  3. Eigenvalues from eig() (eigDiag):
    5,2,25, -2, -2

  4. Eigenvectors (eigV) (each column corresponds to an eigenvector):

    0.9923 & 0.7071 & 0.7071 \\ 0 & 0 & 7.327 \times 10^{-16} \\ 0.1240 & 0.7071 & 0.7071 \end{bmatrix}$$

Let me know if you need further details or explanations!

Here are 5 relative questions to consider:

  1. How are the eigenvalues of a matrix related to its characteristic polynomial?
  2. Why are the eigenvectors normalized to have a magnitude of 1?
  3. What is the geometric interpretation of eigenvectors and eigenvalues?
  4. How does the multiplicity of eigenvalues affect the matrix's diagonalization?
  5. How can you confirm whether a matrix is diagonalizable?

Tip: A matrix is diagonalizable if it has enough linearly independent eigenvectors, equal to its size (n distinct eigenvectors for an n×nn \times n matrix).

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Linear Algebra
Eigenvalues
Eigenvectors
Matrices
Characteristic Polynomial

Formulas

Characteristic Polynomial
Eigenvalue Equation: Ax = λx

Theorems

Eigenvalue Decomposition Theorem
Diagonalization

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate