Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the limit: lim(x → π/4) [∫(2 to sec²x) f(t) dt] / [x² - π²/16]

Solution

Let's solve the given limit step by step:

The problem is:

limxπ42sec2xf(t)dtx2π216\lim_{x \to \frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\int_{2}^{\sec^2x} f(t) dt}{x^2 - \frac{\pi^2}{16}}

Step 1: Check the form of the limit

As xπ4x \to \frac{\pi}{4}:

  • The numerator becomes 2sec2(π/4)f(t)dt\int_{2}^{\sec^2(\pi/4)} f(t) dt, which is 22f(t)dt=0\int_{2}^{2} f(t) dt = 0.
  • The denominator becomes x2π216=(π4)2π216=0x^2 - \frac{\pi^2}{16} = \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)^2 - \frac{\pi^2}{16} = 0.

Thus, this is an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}, so we can apply L'Hôpital's Rule.


Step 2: Apply L'Hôpital's Rule

To use L'Hôpital's Rule, differentiate the numerator and denominator with respect to xx.

Differentiating the numerator

ddx2sec2xf(t)dt=f(sec2x)ddx(sec2x)=f(sec2x)2sec2xtanx\frac{d}{dx} \int_{2}^{\sec^2 x} f(t) dt = f(\sec^2 x) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(\sec^2 x) = f(\sec^2 x) \cdot 2\sec^2 x \tan x

Differentiating the denominator

ddx(x2π216)=2x\frac{d}{dx} \left(x^2 - \frac{\pi^2}{16}\right) = 2x

So, the limit becomes: limxπ4f(sec2x)2sec2xtanx2x\lim_{x \to \frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{f(\sec^2 x) \cdot 2\sec^2 x \tan x}{2x}


Step 3: Evaluate the limit as xπ4x \to \frac{\pi}{4}

At x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4}:

  • sec2x=sec2(π4)=2\sec^2 x = \sec^2\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 2
  • tanx=tan(π4)=1\tan x = \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 1
  • x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4}

Substitute these values into the expression:

= \frac{f(2) \cdot 4}{\frac{\pi}{2}} = \frac{8f(2)}{\pi}$$ --- ### Final Answer: $$\lim_{x \to \frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\int_{2}^{\sec^2 x} f(t) dt}{x^2 - \frac{\pi^2}{16}} = \frac{8f(2)}{\pi}$$ Let me know if you have questions or need further explanation! --- #### Related Questions: 1. What are the conditions for applying L'Hôpital's Rule? 2. How does the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus apply here? 3. Why does $$\sec^2(\pi/4)$$ equal 2? 4. What happens if $$f(t)$$ is a specific function, e.g., $$f(t) = t^2$$? 5. How can you verify this result numerically? #### Tip: When solving indeterminate forms, always check for simpler methods (e.g., factoring or substitution) before applying L'Hôpital's Rule.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Limits
Integration
L'Hôpital's Rule
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Formulas

L'Hôpital's Rule: lim(x → a) f(x)/g(x) = lim(x → a) f'(x)/g'(x) if indeterminate form 0/0 or ∞/∞
Derivative of ∫(a to g(x)) f(t) dt = f(g(x)) * g'(x)

Theorems

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
L'Hôpital's Rule

Suitable Grade Level

College Level Calculus