Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the integral.

∫3−43x4dx

If the integral is divergent, enter ∅.

Solution

To evaluate the integral

343x4dx,\int_{3}^{-4} \frac{3}{x^4} \, dx,

we first recognize that the integral has limits of integration from 33 to 4-4. However, typically, the limits of integration should go from a lower value to a higher value. So we will first rewrite the integral by swapping the limits and changing the sign:

343x4dx=433x4dx.\int_{3}^{-4} \frac{3}{x^4} \, dx = -\int_{-4}^{3} \frac{3}{x^4} \, dx.

Now, let's evaluate the integral:

3x4dx.\int \frac{3}{x^4} \, dx.

We can rewrite 3x4\frac{3}{x^4} as 3x43x^{-4}. The antiderivative of x4x^{-4} is given by:

x4dx=x33=13x3.\int x^{-4} \, dx = \frac{x^{-3}}{-3} = -\frac{1}{3} x^{-3}.

Therefore, the antiderivative of 3x43x^{-4} is:

3(13x3)=x3=1x3.3 \left( -\frac{1}{3} x^{-3} \right) = -x^{-3} = -\frac{1}{x^3}.

So the integral becomes:

[ -\int_{-4}^{3} \frac{3}{x^4} , dx = -\left[ -\frac{1}{x^3} \right]{-4}^{3} = \left[ \frac{1}{x^3} \right]{-4}^{3}. ]

Now we evaluate this from 4-4 to 33:

[1x3]43=1331(4)3=127164.\left[ \frac{1}{x^3} \right]_{-4}^{3} = \frac{1}{3^3} - \frac{1}{(-4)^3} = \frac{1}{27} - \frac{1}{-64}.

Simplifying this, we get:

127+164.\frac{1}{27} + \frac{1}{64}.

To combine these fractions, we find a common denominator, which is 27×64=172827 \times 64 = 1728:

127=641728,164=271728.\frac{1}{27} = \frac{64}{1728}, \quad \frac{1}{64} = \frac{27}{1728}.

Adding these together:

641728+271728=911728.\frac{64}{1728} + \frac{27}{1728} = \frac{91}{1728}.

Thus, the value of the integral is:

911728.\boxed{\frac{91}{1728}}.

Do you want more details or have any questions?

Here are some more questions you might want to explore:

  1. Evaluate 121xdx\int_1^2 \frac{1}{x} \, dx.
  2. Find the derivative of f(x)=x2lnxf(x) = x^2 \ln x.
  3. Determine the convergence or divergence of n=11n3\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^3}.
  4. Solve the differential equation dydx=excosy\frac{dy}{dx} = e^x \cos y.
  5. Compute the integral 0π/2sinxdx\int_0^{\pi/2} \sin x \, dx.

Tip: Always ensure the limits of integration are in the correct order; swap them and change the sign if needed to avoid confusion.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Integral Calculus
Definite Integral
Antiderivative

Formulas

Integral of x^n
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Theorems

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Suitable Grade Level

Advanced College Level