Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the definite integral \( \int_{-1}^{1} x \sqrt{x + 2} \, dx \).

Solution

The given integral is:

11xx+2dx\int_{-1}^{1} x \sqrt{x + 2} \, dx

To solve this, we can use substitution. Let’s define:

u=x+2u = x + 2

Then:

du=dxdu = dx

When x=1x = -1, u=1u = 1.
When x=1x = 1, u=3u = 3.

So, the integral becomes:

13(u2)udu\int_{1}^{3} (u - 2) \sqrt{u} \, du

Now, distribute the terms:

13(u3/22u1/2)du\int_{1}^{3} \left( u^{3/2} - 2u^{1/2} \right) \, du

We can now integrate each term:

u3/2du=25u5/2\int u^{3/2} \, du = \frac{2}{5} u^{5/2} u1/2du=23u3/2\int u^{1/2} \, du = \frac{2}{3} u^{3/2}

Thus, we have:

[25u5/243u3/2]13\left[ \frac{2}{5} u^{5/2} - \frac{4}{3} u^{3/2} \right]_{1}^{3}

Now substitute the limits of integration (1 and 3):

At u=3u = 3: 25(35/2)43(33/2)\frac{2}{5} (3^{5/2}) - \frac{4}{3} (3^{3/2})

At u=1u = 1: 25(15/2)43(13/2)\frac{2}{5} (1^{5/2}) - \frac{4}{3} (1^{3/2})

Now, compute the values and subtract to find the final result.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Integral Calculus
Substitution Method
Definite Integration

Formulas

\( \int u^n \, du = \frac{u^{n+1}}{n+1} + C \) (for \( n \neq -1 \))

Theorems

Definite Integral Evaluation

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12