Math Problem Statement

10 Cookies have to be kept in 5 jars A, B, C, D, E. A jar may contain any number of cookies (including 0). What is the number of ways to distribute so that exactly 2 jars contain exactly 2 cookies.

Solution

To solve this problem, we need to distribute 10 cookies into 5 jars (A, B, C, D, E) such that exactly 2 of these jars contain exactly 2 cookies each. Here’s the approach to find the solution:

  1. Choose the two jars that will contain exactly 2 cookies.
    We can select 2 jars out of the 5 in (52)\binom{5}{2} ways. So, the number of ways to choose the jars with exactly 2 cookies is: (52)=10\binom{5}{2} = 10

  2. Distribute cookies in the chosen jars.
    Since we have 2 jars that must each contain exactly 2 cookies, this accounts for 2×2=42 \times 2 = 4 cookies.

  3. Distribute the remaining 6 cookies in the remaining 3 jars.
    The remaining 3 jars can each have any number of cookies, including zero, as long as the sum is 6. We need to count the number of ways to distribute 6 indistinguishable cookies into 3 distinguishable jars, which is a classic "stars and bars" problem.

    The formula for distributing nn indistinguishable items into rr distinguishable bins is given by: (n+r1r1)\binom{n + r - 1}{r - 1} Here, n=6n = 6 and r=3r = 3, so the number of ways to distribute the remaining 6 cookies into 3 jars is: (6+3131)=(82)=28\binom{6 + 3 - 1}{3 - 1} = \binom{8}{2} = 28

  4. Combine the results.
    Multiply the ways to choose the jars with exactly 2 cookies by the ways to distribute the remaining cookies among the other jars: 10×28=28010 \times 28 = 280

Final Answer:

There are 280 ways to distribute the cookies so that exactly 2 jars contain exactly 2 cookies.

Would you like more details or have any questions about this solution?


Here are some related questions for further practice:

  1. How many ways can you distribute 10 cookies into 5 jars if there are no restrictions?
  2. What if exactly 3 jars must contain exactly 2 cookies each?
  3. How would the answer change if no jar can be empty?
  4. What if there are 12 cookies and we want exactly 3 jars to contain exactly 3 cookies each?
  5. How does the approach change if each jar has a maximum capacity of 4 cookies?

Tip: When distributing indistinguishable items into distinguishable bins, the "stars and bars" method is often a useful tool for counting possibilities.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Combinatorics
Combinations
Stars and Bars

Formulas

Combination formula \( \binom{n}{k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} \)
Stars and Bars formula \( \binom{n + r - 1}{r - 1} \)

Theorems

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Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12