Math Problem Statement

Use the definition of a derivative to show that if f(x) = 1/x, then f'(x) = -1/x^2.

Solution

The problem asks you to use the definition of the derivative to show that if f(x)=1xf(x) = \frac{1}{x}, then f(x)=1x2f'(x) = -\frac{1}{x^2}.

To solve this, let's proceed with the formal definition of a derivative, which is:

f(x)=limh0f(x+h)f(x)hf'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}

Given f(x)=1xf(x) = \frac{1}{x}, we substitute this into the definition of the derivative:

f(x)=limh01x+h1xhf'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{1}{x+h} - \frac{1}{x}}{h}

Now, let's simplify the expression inside the limit:

  1. Get a common denominator for the numerator:

1x+h1x=x(x+h)x(x+h)=hx(x+h)\frac{1}{x+h} - \frac{1}{x} = \frac{x - (x + h)}{x(x + h)} = \frac{-h}{x(x+h)}

  1. Substitute this back into the limit expression:

f(x)=limh0hx(x+h)hf'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{-h}{x(x+h)}}{h}

  1. Simplify the fraction:

f(x)=limh0hhx(x+h)=limh01x(x+h)f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{-h}{h \cdot x(x+h)} = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{-1}{x(x+h)}

  1. Take the limit as h0h \to 0:

f(x)=1x(x+0)=1x2f'(x) = \frac{-1}{x(x+0)} = \frac{-1}{x^2}

Thus, the derivative of f(x)=1xf(x) = \frac{1}{x} is indeed:

f(x)=1x2f'(x) = -\frac{1}{x^2}

Would you like further details or have any questions about this process?

Here are 5 follow-up questions you could explore:

  1. How does the definition of the derivative relate to the concept of the slope of a tangent line?
  2. What other methods, apart from the limit definition, can be used to compute derivatives?
  3. How would the derivative change if f(x)=1xnf(x) = \frac{1}{x^n} for a general nn?
  4. Can you explain how the result f(x)=1x2f'(x) = -\frac{1}{x^2} behaves for different values of xx?
  5. How does this derivative relate to the power rule for negative exponents?

Tip: When dealing with fractions and derivatives, always remember that simplifying the algebra before taking the limit can save you time!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Derivatives
Limits

Formulas

Definition of derivative: f'(x) = lim(h -> 0) [f(x+h) - f(x)] / h
f'(x) = -1/x^2

Theorems

Limit definition of a derivative

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Calculus I or AP Calculus)