The image contains a problem asking to write concluding statements for chains of reasoning using logic. Let's analyze both parts of the problem:

Part a:

We have the following logical statements:

1. $a \Rightarrow b$
2. $d \Rightarrow c$
3. $a \Rightarrow c$
4. $b \Rightarrow f$

To conclude, we need to connect these statements in a logical chain:

• From $a \Rightarrow b$ and $b \Rightarrow f$, we can conclude that $a \Rightarrow f$.
• Additionally, $d \Rightarrow f$ can be deduced from $d \Rightarrow c$ and $b \Rightarrow f$ through transitivity if there's a relation between $c$ and $f$.

Thus, the conclusion in part (a) is $d \Rightarrow f$.

Part b:

The logical statements are:

1. $p \Rightarrow q$
2. $r \Rightarrow q$
3. $s \Rightarrow r$

To connect these:

• From $s \Rightarrow r$ and $r \Rightarrow q$, we can conclude that $s \Rightarrow q$.
• Since we already know that $p \Rightarrow q$ and $s \Rightarrow q$, we can conclude that both $p$ and $s$ lead to $q$.

The conclusion is $p \lor s \Rightarrow q$.

Would you like a more detailed explanation or further clarification on any part?

5 Related Questions:

1. What is the transitive property in logical reasoning?
2. How can logical implications be chained together?
3. What is the difference between "or" and "and" in logic?
4. Can two independent statements lead to the same conclusion?
5. How does negation affect logical implications?

Tip:

Always ensure that all premises are logically connected before drawing conclusions, especially when combining multiple statements.