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Let's break down the problem step-by-step from the image you provided. The question seems to deal with underwriting of shares, and it requires calculation of net liability, commission, and net amounts due.

Here's what the problem states:

- **Apoorva Ltd** issued 5,00,000 equity shares at ₹10 each, at a premium of ₹2.
- The issue was underwritten by three underwriters (A, B, and C) as follows:
  - A: 2,50,000 shares (firm underwriting 25,000)
  - B: 1,50,000 shares (firm underwriting 15,000)
  - C: 1,00,000 shares (firm underwriting 10,000)
- Total shares underwritten = 5,00,000 equity shares.
  
- Firm underwriting refers to shares taken up by underwriters regardless of public subscription.
  
- The firm underwriting applications received were as follows:
  - A: 1,15,000 shares
  - B: 1,25,000 shares
  - C: 1,30,000 shares
- The company received marked applications for 4,00,000 shares, excluding the firm underwriting.

### What we need to calculate:
1. **Net liability** of each underwriter after taking into account the shares applied for.
2. **Commission** due to each underwriter.
3. **Net amount due from each underwriter to the company**.

Let’s work through the three parts of the problem:

### Step 1: Net Liability of Each Underwriter
The net liability is calculated by first determining the gross liability of each underwriter (the shares they were responsible for underwriting) and then subtracting the shares applied for under their name (marked forms).

- **A's net liability** = (Total underwriting by A - Marked applications by A - Firm underwriting)
- **B's net liability** = (Total underwriting by B - Marked applications by B - Firm underwriting)
- **C's net liability** = (Total underwriting by C - Marked applications by C - Firm underwriting)

### Step 2: Commission
The underwriting commission is based on a percentage of the total shares underwritten by each party.

### Step 3: Net Amount Due from Each Underwriter
The net amount due will involve subtracting the shares actually taken up from the total amount underwritten.

I'll now calculate each step for you based on the data provided.

Let me proceed with the calculations.### Net Liability of Each Underwriter:

1. **Underwriter A:**
   - Underwriting responsibility = 2,50,000 shares
   - Marked applications = 1,15,000 shares
   - **Net liability** = 2,50,000 - 1,15,000 = **1,35,000 shares**

2. **Underwriter B:**
   - Underwriting responsibility = 1,50,000 shares
   - Marked applications = 1,25,000 shares
   - **Net liability** = 1,50,000 - 1,25,000 = **25,000 shares**

3. **Underwriter C:**
   - Underwriting responsibility = 1,00,000 shares
   - Marked applications = 1,30,000 shares
   - **Net liability** = 1,00,000 - 1,30,000 = **-30,000 shares** (This means Underwriter C has excess applications and doesn't need to take up more shares).

Next, I will calculate the commission and the net amount due to/from each underwriter.### Step 2: Commission Calculation

To calculate the commission, we use a percentage (which should be provided but isn't specified in the question). Typically, an underwriting commission might be around 2-5% of the total issue price underwritten by each party.

To proceed, please confirm the commission percentage. Is it mentioned in the problem, or would you like to assume a standard percentage, such as 3%?

### Step 3: Net Amount Due from Each Underwriter
For this, we will calculate the total amount each underwriter owes the company based on the shares they are required to take up (net liability).

Please confirm if you'd like to proceed with these calculations and provide the commission percentage, if available!

Apoorva Ltd issued 5,00,000 equity shares of ₹10 each at a premium of ₹2. The issue was underwritten by three persons A, B, & C as follows: A: 2,50,000 shares (firm underwriting 25,000), B: 1,50,000 shares (firm underwriting 15,000), C: 1,00,000 shares (firm underwriting 10,000). The company received applications as marked forms: A - 1,15,000, B - 1,25,000, C - 1,30,000. Calculate (a) Net liability (b) Commission (c) Net amount due from each underwriter.

This problem involves calculating the net liability, commission, and net amount due for underwriters A, B, and C in the case of Apoorva Ltd issuing equity shares. Learn how to solve underwriting problems with step-by-step formulas for firm underwriting, liability calculations, and commission.

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