Math Problem Statement

a particle of mass m = 2 kg is moving along the x-axis with a velocity v(t) = 3t - 4 m/s, where t is time in seconds. at t = 2 s, the particle is subject to a force F(t) = -k • v(t), where k = 5 N • s/m is a positive constant.

calculate the acceleration of the particle at t = 2s.

Solution

We are given the following information:

  • Mass of the particle: m=2kgm = 2 \, \text{kg}
  • Velocity function: v(t)=3t4m/sv(t) = 3t - 4 \, \text{m/s}
  • Force function: F(t)=kv(t)F(t) = -k \cdot v(t) where k=5Ns/mk = 5 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{s/m}
  • Time of interest: t=2st = 2 \, \text{s}

Step 1: Calculate the velocity at t=2st = 2 \, \text{s}

To find the velocity of the particle at t=2st = 2 \, \text{s}, we substitute t=2t = 2 into the velocity equation:

v(2)=3(2)4=64=2m/sv(2) = 3(2) - 4 = 6 - 4 = 2 \, \text{m/s}

Step 2: Calculate the force at t=2st = 2 \, \text{s}

Next, use the force equation F(t)=kv(t)F(t) = -k \cdot v(t) to find the force at t=2t = 2:

F(2)=5v(2)=52=10NF(2) = -5 \cdot v(2) = -5 \cdot 2 = -10 \, \text{N}

Step 3: Use Newton's Second Law to find the acceleration

Newton's second law relates force and acceleration as:

F=maF = m \cdot a

Solving for acceleration:

a=Fm=102=5m/s2a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{-10}{2} = -5 \, \text{m/s}^2

Final Answer:

The acceleration of the particle at t=2st = 2 \, \text{s} is 5m/s2\boxed{-5 \, \text{m/s}^2}.

Do you want more details, or do you have any other questions?

Here are 5 related questions:

  1. How would the acceleration change if the mass were doubled?
  2. What is the velocity of the particle at t=3st = 3 \, \text{s}?
  3. How would the force change if kk were reduced to 3 N·s/m?
  4. Can the particle come to rest? If so, when?
  5. How does the velocity vary over time? Can you graph it?

Tip: The force F(t)=kv(t)F(t) = -k \cdot v(t) is a damping force, which reduces the velocity of the particle over time.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Classical Mechanics
Kinematics
Newton's Second Law
Differential Equations

Formulas

v(t) = 3t - 4
F(t) = -k • v(t)
F = m • a

Theorems

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12 (Physics with Calculus)