Math Problem Statement
P1(a) Question: P1: (a) Each user in a computer system has a password which is 6 to 8 characters long where each character is an uppercase letter or a digit. Each password must contain at least one digit. How many possible passwords are there?
Calculate me this using set and standard mathematical symbols or format instead of explaining with words.
Solution
To calculate the total number of valid passwords, let's use standard mathematical notation.
Total possibilities for a password:
- Passwords are 6 to 8 characters long.
- Each character is an uppercase letter or a digit, so possible characters per position.
Let be the number of possible characters.
Case 1: Password length
Total passwords (with no restrictions):
Passwords with no digits:
If only uppercase letters are used ( choices):
Valid passwords (at least one digit):
Case 2: Password length
Total passwords:
Passwords with no digits:
Valid passwords:
Case 3: Password length
Total passwords:
Passwords with no digits:
Valid passwords:
Total number of valid passwords:
Summing over all cases:
This expression provides the total number of possible passwords that meet the criteria.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Combinatorics
Set Theory
Exclusion Principle
Formulas
Total passwords of length n: L^n
Passwords with no digits: 26^n
Valid passwords: L^n - 26^n
Total valid passwords: (36^6 - 26^6) + (36^7 - 26^7) + (36^8 - 26^8)
Theorems
Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion
Suitable Grade Level
Grades 11-12
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