The problem asks to calculate the moment being applied to the bolt using the force and the lever arm, and determine the direction of rotation.

1. Moment Calculation:

• Force (F): 12 lb (applied vertically downwards).
• Lever arm (r): The perpendicular distance from the point of application of the force to the pivot point (where the wrench grips the bolt) is given as 8 inches.

The formula for moment (or torque) is: $M = F \times r$ Where:

• $M$ is the moment,
• $F$ is the force applied,
• $r$ is the perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation.

Now, plugging in the values: $M = 12 \, \text{lb} \times 8 \, \text{inches} = 96 \, \text{lb-in}$ Thus, the moment applied to the bolt is 96 lb-in.

2. Direction of Rotation:

• The force is applied vertically downwards, and the wrench extends horizontally from the bolt. According to the right-hand rule, when the force is applied downward on the handle of the wrench, it causes a clockwise rotation.

Final Answer:

• Moment applied: 96 lb-in.
• Direction: Clockwise.

Would you like further details or explanations?

Here are 5 related questions:

1. How would the moment change if the wrench were longer?
2. What is the effect of increasing the force on the applied moment?
3. How can you calculate the moment if the force is not perpendicular to the wrench?
4. What are the units commonly used for torque or moment in different systems (e.g., SI)?
5. How would you use the right-hand rule to determine the direction of rotation for different force directions?

Tip: Always make sure the force applied is perpendicular to the lever arm for the maximum moment.