Math Problem Statement

Problem 4. Random events A, B ⊆ Ω satisfy P(A ∪ B′ ) = 0.23, P(A′ ∪ B′ ) = 0.81.

Calculate P(B).

Prove that if P(A) < 0.21, then P(A′ ∩ B′) > 0.02.

Solution

To solve this, let's analyze the given probabilities and express them in terms of probabilities of AA and BB and their complements.

Step 1: Analyze Given Probabilities

  1. Given: P(AB)=0.23P(A \cup B') = 0.23

    • Using the formula for the probability of a union: P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)P(A \cup B') = P(A) + P(B') - P(A \cap B')
  2. Given: P(AB)=0.81P(A' \cup B') = 0.81

    • Similarly, we apply the formula for a union here: P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)P(A' \cup B') = P(A') + P(B') - P(A' \cap B')
    • Since P(A)=1P(A)P(A') = 1 - P(A) and P(B)=1P(B)P(B') = 1 - P(B), we can rewrite this as: P(AB)=(1P(A))+(1P(B))P(AB)P(A' \cup B') = (1 - P(A)) + (1 - P(B)) - P(A' \cap B')
    • Simplifying further: 0.81=1P(A)P(B)+P(AB)0.81 = 1 - P(A) - P(B) + P(A \cap B)

Step 2: Express P(B)P(B) in Terms of P(A)P(A)

From the two given equations, we can isolate and solve for P(B)P(B) by solving a system of equations using ( P(A) \

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability Theory
Set Operations
Complementary Events

Formulas

P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
P(A') = 1 - P(A)
P(B') = 1 - P(B)

Theorems

Addition Rule for Probabilities
Complement Rule

Suitable Grade Level

College/Advanced High School