Calculate the osmolarity of a solution containing 7.5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride. (M.W. of C6H14O7 = 180; M.W. of NaCl = 58.4)

To calculate the osmolarity of the solution, we need to consider the contributions of both dextrose and sodium chloride.

### Step 1: Calculate the Molarity of Dextrose
- **Dextrose concentration** = 7.5% (w/v), meaning 7.5 grams of dextrose in 100 mL of solution.
- **Molecular weight (M.W.) of dextrose (C₆H₁₄O₇)** = 180 g/mol.

Molarity (M) of dextrose:

\[
\text{Molarity of dextrose} = \frac{7.5 \text{ g}}{180 \text{ g/mol} \times 0.1 \text{ L}} = \frac{7.5}{18} \text{ mol/L} = 0.4167 \text{ mol/L}
\]

### Step 2: Calculate the Molarity of Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
- **Sodium chloride concentration** = 0.9% (w/v), meaning 0.9 grams of NaCl in 100 mL of solution.
- **Molecular weight (M.W.) of NaCl** = 58.4 g/mol.

Molarity (M) of sodium chloride:

\[
\text{Molarity of NaCl} = \frac{0.9 \text{ g}}{58.4 \text{ g/mol} \times 0.1 \text{ L}} = \frac{0.9}{5.84} \text{ mol/L} = 0.1541 \text{ mol/L}
\]

### Step 3: Determine the Number of Particles in Solution
- **Dextrose** is a non-electrolyte, so it does not dissociate in solution. Therefore, it contributes 1 particle per molecule.
- **NaCl** dissociates into 2 particles (Na⁺ and Cl⁻) in solution.

### Step 4: Calculate the Osmolarity
- **Osmolarity of dextrose** = 0.4167 mol/L × 1 = 0.4167 osmoles/L.
- **Osmolarity of NaCl** = 0.1541 mol/L × 2 = 0.3082 osmoles/L.

### Step 5: Add the Osmolarities
\[
\text{Total osmolarity} = 0.4167 \text{ osmoles/L} + 0.3082 \text{ osmoles/L} = 0.7249 \text{ osmoles/L}
\]

Thus, the osmolarity of the solution is approximately **0.725 osmoles/L**.

Would you like further details or have any other questions?

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Here are some related questions:

1. How does osmolarity differ from osmolality?
2. What are the effects of osmolarity on cellular function?
3. How do you calculate the osmolarity of a solution with multiple electrolytes?
4. Why does sodium chloride dissociate into two particles in solution?
5. What is the significance of molecular weight in calculating osmolarity?

**Tip:** Always double-check the dissociation of compounds when calculating osmolarity, as different solutes may dissociate differently in solution.

Learn how to calculate the osmolarity of a solution containing 7.5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride. This step-by-step guide covers key concepts like molarity, concentration calculations, and the impact of solute dissociation. Suitable for undergraduate students studying chemistry or biology.

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