The problem in the image is asking for the final price of a television after applying a discount and a sales tax. The price breakdown is as follows:

1. Original price of the TV: $500.
2. Discount: 10% of the original price.
3. Sales tax: 8% on the price after applying the discount.

Step-by-Step Solution:

1. Calculate the discount:
   The discount is 10% of $500, which is:
   $\text{Discount} = 500 \times 0.10 = 50$ So, the price after the discount is:
   $\text{Discounted price} = 500 - 50 = 450$

2. Calculate the sales tax:
   The sales tax is 8% of the discounted price ($450):
   $\text{Sales tax} = 450 \times 0.08 = 36$

3. Final price:
   The total price to be paid, including the tax, is:
   $\text{Total price} = 450 + 36 = 486$

Answer: The total price the buyer has to pay is $486.

Would you like more details on the solution? Here are five related questions for further practice:

1. If the sales tax were 5% instead of 8%, what would the final price be?
2. What would the final price be if the original price was $700 with the same discount and tax rate?
3. If the discount were 15%, how would that change the final price?
4. Calculate the total price if only the sales tax was applied, without any discount.
5. What is the effective percentage reduction from the original price after applying both the discount and tax?

Tip: Always apply discounts before taxes, as taxes are calculated on the reduced amount.