Let's solve each of these resistor networks step-by-step. I'll go through each circuit's equivalent resistance calculation individually.

a. Rangkaian hambatan 1

This circuit has three resistors:

• Two $2 \, \Omega$ resistors in parallel
• A $6 \, \Omega$ resistor in parallel
• A $4 \, \Omega$ resistor in parallel

Since all resistors are in parallel, we can use the formula for parallel resistances: $\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + \cdots$ Let $R_1 = 2 \, \Omega$, $R_2 = 6 \, \Omega$, and $R_3 = 4 \, \Omega$: $\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{4}$ Solving this gives the equivalent resistance.

b. Rangkaian hambatan 2

This is a series circuit with three resistors:

• $3 \, \Omega$, $2 \, \Omega$, and $4 \, \Omega$

For resistors in series, the total resistance is simply the sum: $R_{\text{total}} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3$ So, $R_{\text{total}} = 3 + 2 + 4 = 9 \, \Omega$

c. Rangkaian hambatan 3

This is a combination of series and parallel:

1. The $2 \, \Omega$ and $4 \, \Omega$ resistors are in parallel.
2. The equivalent of this parallel combination is in series with the $6 \, \Omega$ resistor.

Step 1: Calculate the parallel combination of $2 \, \Omega$ and $4 \, \Omega$: $\frac{1}{R_{\text{parallel}}} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4}$

Step 2: Add the $6 \, \Omega$ resistor in series with this result.

d. Rangkaian hambatan 4

This circuit also combines series and parallel:

1. The $3 \, \Omega$ and $4 \, \Omega$ resistors are in parallel.
2. The equivalent of this parallel combination is in series with the $6 \, \Omega$ resistor and another $4 \, \Omega$ resistor.

Step 1: Calculate the parallel combination of $3 \, \Omega$ and $4 \, \Omega$: $\frac{1}{R_{\text{parallel}}} = \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4}$

Step 2: Add the $6 \, \Omega$ and $4 \, \Omega$ resistors in series with this result.

Would you like me to perform the exact calculations for each step, or do you have any specific question on any part of these circuits?

Here are some related questions you might consider:

1. How do we calculate parallel resistance when there are more than two resistors?
2. What are the common methods for simplifying complex resistor networks?
3. How do series and parallel circuits affect current and voltage differently?
4. Can we apply these principles to capacitors, and if so, how do the formulas differ?
5. Why do we use equivalent resistance calculations in circuit analysis?

Tip: For mixed circuits, start by identifying simple series or parallel groups, solve them step-by-step, and gradually combine them into the total resistance.