Apportionment Method V has been used to allocate 125125 seats to ten states.  A partial table is shown below. 

 State AState BState CState DState EState FState G

**Standard Quota**

41.26

10.70

16.00

13.11

17.00

5.77

2.64

**Lower Quota**

41

10

16

13

17

5

2

**Upper Quota**

42

11

17

14

18

6

3

**Method V**

42

11

17

13

18

4

2

This method violates the quota rule.  Which state(s) show this?

Select all that apply:

State A

State B state c

The quota rule states that the number of seats allocated to a state should be either its lower quota or upper quota. Let's analyze the allocations using Method V to determine if any state violates this rule.

Given:
- **State A**: Lower Quota = 41, Upper Quota = 42, Method V Allocation = 42 (No violation)
- **State B**: Lower Quota = 10, Upper Quota = 11, Method V Allocation = 11 (No violation)
- **State C**: Lower Quota = 16, Upper Quota = 17, Method V Allocation = 17 (No violation)
- **State D**: Lower Quota = 13, Upper Quota = 14, Method V Allocation = 13 (No violation)
- **State E**: Lower Quota = 17, Upper Quota = 18, Method V Allocation = 18 (No violation)
- **State F**: Lower Quota = 5, Upper Quota = 6, Method V Allocation = 4 (Violation)
- **State G**: Lower Quota = 2, Upper Quota = 3, Method V Allocation = 2 (No violation)

**Conclusion**: State F violates the quota rule since its Method V allocation (4) is below the lower quota (5).

**State F** is the state that shows a violation of the quota rule.

Would you like to explore further, or do you have any questions?

Here are 5 related questions to consider:
1. What are the implications of violating the quota rule in apportionment methods?
2. How does Method V determine the final seat allocation?
3. Can you explain another apportionment method that avoids violating the quota rule?
4. What are the pros and cons of using quotas in apportionment?
5. How would changing the total number of seats affect the allocation under Method V?

**Tip:** When checking for quota rule violations, always compare the final allocation with both the lower and upper quotas to ensure it falls within the correct range.

Explore the analysis of Method V in apportionment methods and identify violations of the quota rule. This problem showcases the application of Method V to allocate seats to states and discusses how violations occur when the allocated seats fall outside the lower and upper quota bounds.

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