Before 1918, approximately 60% of the wolves in a region were male, and 40% were female. However, cattle ranchers in this area have made a determined effort to exterminate wolves. From 1918 to the present, approximately 70% of wolves in the region are male, and 30% are female. Biologists suspect that male wolves are more likely than females to return to an area where the population has been greatly reduced. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)

To analyze the situation regarding the wolf population before and after 1918, we can summarize the data and calculate the implications:

1. **Before 1918:**
   - Male wolves: 60%
   - Female wolves: 40%

2. **After 1918:**
   - Male wolves: 70%
   - Female wolves: 30%

Given that biologists suspect male wolves are more likely to return, we can interpret this shift in population distribution as a consequence of their survival and return patterns.

### Calculations

Let's denote the total population of wolves before 1918 as \( P \).

**Before 1918:**
- Male wolves = \( 0.6P \)
- Female wolves = \( 0.4P \)

**After 1918:**
Assuming that a significant reduction in the overall wolf population occurred due to extermination efforts, let’s denote the total population after 1918 as \( P' \).

We can set up the equations based on the percentages given:

- Male wolves after 1918 = \( 0.7P' \)
- Female wolves after 1918 = \( 0.3P' \)

### Interpretation of Change

1. **Population Shift:**
   The increase in the percentage of male wolves could imply:
   - A higher survival rate among males.
   - A tendency for males to migrate back into the area after significant population reductions.

2. **Ratios and Implications:**
   If we assume a reduction factor (let’s denote it as \( r \) for the reduction in total wolf population):
   - \( P' = P(1 - r) \)

To derive specific numerical values or estimates, we'd need actual population numbers before the reduction to calculate \( r \) and establish clearer ratios.

### Summary

- The increase in male wolf percentage suggests a shift in demographics likely influenced by population pressures.
- This trend highlights the importance of understanding species behavior regarding population dynamics and recovery patterns.

If you need detailed calculations or further analysis on specific aspects, please let me know! 

### Follow-Up Questions

1. What is the estimated total wolf population before 1918?
2. How did the extermination efforts specifically affect the female wolf population?
3. What conservation strategies could be implemented to restore a balanced wolf population?
4. Can we model the population dynamics of wolves over the years mathematically?
5. What other species might be affected by the changes in wolf population dynamics?

### Tip
Consider studying the behavior and ecology of species to understand population dynamics and conservation needs better.

Explore the shift in wolf population demographics before and after 1918, where 60% of wolves were male and 40% female, shifting to 70% male and 30% female due to extermination efforts. This analysis highlights key statistical concepts in population dynamics.

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