Math Problem Statement

Water is pumped out of a holding tank at a rate of r(t) = 5 - 5e^(-0.2t) liters/minute, where t is in minutes since the pump is started. If the holding tank contains 800 liters of water when the pump is started, how much water does it hold two hours later to the nearest liter?

Solution

To find out how much water the tank holds two hours later, we need to integrate the rate function r(t)=55e0.2tr(t) = 5 - 5e^{-0.2t} from t=0t = 0 to t=120t = 120 (since two hours is 120 minutes).

Step 1: Integrate the rate function

0120(55e0.2t)dt\int_{0}^{120} (5 - 5e^{-0.2t}) \, dt

This can be split into two separate integrals:

01205dt01205e0.2tdt\int_{0}^{120} 5 \, dt - \int_{0}^{120} 5e^{-0.2t} \, dt

The first integral:

5dt=5t\int 5 \, dt = 5t

Evaluated from 0 to 120:

5(120)5(0)=6005(120) - 5(0) = 600

The second integral:

5e0.2tdt=5(10.2e0.2t)=25e0.2t-5 \int e^{-0.2t} \, dt = -5 \left( -\frac{1}{0.2} e^{-0.2t} \right) = 25e^{-0.2t}

Evaluated from 0 to 120:

25(e0.2×120e0)=25(01)=25(1)=25(1e24)25(e^{-0.2 \times 120} - e^{0}) = 25(0 - 1) = -25 \cdot (-1) = 25(1 - e^{-24})

Since e24e^{-24} is extremely small, 25(1e24)2525(1 - e^{-24}) \approx 25.

Step 2: Subtract the integrated values from the initial amount

The total water pumped out is 60025=575600 - 25 = 575 liters.

The tank originally had 800 liters, so the amount remaining is:

800575=225liters800 - 575 = 225 \, \text{liters}

Therefore, the tank holds approximately 225 liters of water two hours after the pump starts. The answer is:

225 Liters

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Integration
Exponential Functions
Definite Integrals

Formulas

Definite integral: ∫[a to b] f(t) dt
Exponential decay function: e^(-kt)

Theorems

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12