To describe the transformations from $f(x) = 3^x$ to $g(x) = 5(3^x) - 7$, we identify the following changes:

1. Vertical Stretch:

   • The function $f(x) = 3^x$ is multiplied by 5, which means it is vertically stretched by a factor of 5.

2. Vertical Translation:

   • The function has a constant term subtracted, $-7$, therefore it is translated 7 units downward.

So the answers are:

• Vertical stretch: 5
• Vertical translation: -7