To find the p-value for the test statistic \( z \approx -0.9317 \), we need to use the standard normal distribution table (or a computational tool). The p-value corresponds to the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, the one observed under the null hypothesis.

Since we are dealing with a two-tailed test (we are interested in deviations in both directions), the p-value is:

\[ \text{p-value} = 2 \times P(Z \leq -0.9317) \]

First, we find the probability \( P(Z \leq -0.9317) \) using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator. 

Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we find:

\[ P(Z \leq -0.9317) \approx 0.1763 \]

So, the p-value is:

\[ \text{p-value} = 2 \times 0.1763 = 0.3526 \]

Therefore, the p-value is approximately 0.3526.

Would you like more details or have any questions about this calculation?

Here are 8 related questions to expand on this information:
1. What is the significance level typically used in hypothesis testing, and how does it relate to the p-value?
2. How would you interpret the p-value in the context of this study?
3. What conclusions can be drawn if the p-value is less than the significance level?
4. How can the p-value help in understanding the effectiveness of the drug in preventing heart attacks?
5. What are the limitations of using the p-value in hypothesis testing?
6. How would you explain the concept of a p-value to someone with no statistical background?
7. What other statistical tests can be used for comparing proportions?
8. How can the sample size affect the p-value and the power of the test?

**Tip:** When interpreting p-values, it is essential to consider the context of the study and the chosen significance level. A high p-value suggests that the observed data is consistent with the null hypothesis, while a low p-value indicates that the observed data is unlikely under the null hypothesis.

Learn how to calculate the p-value for hypothesis testing using the standard normal distribution. This example involves a two-tailed test with a detailed step-by-step solution. Suitable for advanced undergraduate students and researchers.

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