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The deadweight social loss due to the reduction in water quality is given by area(s)

g

g + e

 c + d + e

a + b + f

In the context of the diagram you provided, which analyzes the economic impact of a negative externality (like the reduction in water quality), the deadweight social loss typically refers to the loss of economic efficiency that occurs when the socially optimal quantity is not achieved.

### Breakdown of the Areas:
- **Area \( c + d + e \)**: This is the area that represents the deadweight loss due to overproduction, where the market produces at \( Q_1 \) instead of the socially optimal quantity \( Q_0 \). This area is between the social cost curve and the demand curve for the quantity produced in excess of \( Q_0 \) (i.e., from \( Q_0 \) to \( Q_1 \)).

### Answer:
The deadweight social loss due to the reduction in water quality is given by **area \( c + d + e \)**.

This area shows the welfare loss resulting from the externality (in this case, reduced water quality) because the market produces more than the socially optimal quantity. 

Do you need further details or explanations on this topic? Here are five related questions to consider:

1. How would the introduction of a tax equivalent to the external cost affect the deadweight loss?
2. What would happen to the deadweight loss if the externality were corrected through regulation?
3. How does the concept of Pigouvian taxes relate to this diagram?
4. What are the implications of this deadweight loss on consumer and producer surplus?
5. How can policymakers use this diagram to justify environmental regulations?

**Tip:** When analyzing economic diagrams related to externalities, focus on identifying the areas that represent inefficiencies or welfare losses, as they are key to understanding the impact of the externality.

Explore the concept of deadweight social loss in economics due to reduction in water quality. Learn about the economic inefficiencies represented by areas such as c + d + e in economic diagrams. Detailed explanation and implications provided.

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