The common difference in the sequence $5, 18, 31, 44, \dots$ is $13$.

To find the common difference, subtract any term from the term that follows it. For example:

1. $18 - 5 = 13$
2. $31 - 18 = 13$
3. $44 - 31 = 13$

Since the difference is consistently $13$ between each pair of consecutive terms, the common difference $d$ is $13$.

Would you like to explore more about arithmetic sequences or have any other questions?

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Here are some related questions you might consider:

1. How can you find the first term of an arithmetic sequence if the common difference and a later term are given?
2. What is the significance of the common difference in an arithmetic sequence?
3. Can the common difference in an arithmetic sequence be a fraction?
4. How does the common difference influence the rate of growth or decline in the sequence?
5. How can you find the $n$th term of an arithmetic sequence if you know the common difference?
6. What happens to an arithmetic sequence if the common difference is zero?
7. How can you find the sum of the first $n$ terms of an arithmetic sequence using the common difference?
8. Can you determine the common difference if only two non-consecutive terms of the sequence are known?

Tip: Always remember that the common difference in an arithmetic sequence is what defines its linear pattern.