Math Problem Statement

Find the uncertainty values for the table Object Measured Quantity Calculated Quantities Diameter (cm) Circumference (cm) Area (cm2) 1 9.7±0.1 30.47±0.314 73.90± 2 6.7±0.1 21.05±0.314 35.26± 3 6.9±0.1 21.68±0.314 37.39± 4 5.0±0.1 15.71±0.314 19.63± 5 16.0±0.1 50.27±0.314 201.06±

Solution

To find the uncertainty values for the area of each object, we'll use error propagation rules. The area AA of a circle is related to the diameter DD by the formula:

A=π(D2)2=πD24A = \pi \left( \frac{D}{2} \right)^2 = \frac{\pi D^2}{4}

The uncertainty in the area, ΔA\Delta A, can be determined by propagating the uncertainty in the diameter. For a function of the form A=kD2A = kD^2 (where k=π4k = \frac{\pi}{4}), the uncertainty in AA is given by:

ΔA=2kDΔD=πD2ΔD\Delta A = 2kD \cdot \Delta D = \frac{\pi D}{2} \cdot \Delta D

Step-by-Step Calculation:

For each object, we'll calculate the uncertainty in the area using the diameter and its uncertainty.

1. Object 1: Diameter D=9.7±0.1D = 9.7 \pm 0.1 cm

ΔA1=π9.720.1=1.524cm2\Delta A_1 = \frac{\pi \cdot 9.7}{2} \cdot 0.1 = 1.524 \, \text{cm}^2 So, the area uncertainty for object 1 is ±1.52cm2\pm 1.52 \, \text{cm}^2.

2. Object 2: Diameter D=6.7±0.1D = 6.7 \pm 0.1 cm

ΔA2=π6.720.1=1.052cm2\Delta A_2 = \frac{\pi \cdot 6.7}{2} \cdot 0.1 = 1.052 \, \text{cm}^2 So, the area uncertainty for object 2 is ±1.05cm2\pm 1.05 \, \text{cm}^2.

3. Object 3: Diameter D=6.9±0.1D = 6.9 \pm 0.1 cm

ΔA3=π6.920.1=1.083cm2\Delta A_3 = \frac{\pi \cdot 6.9}{2} \cdot 0.1 = 1.083 \, \text{cm}^2 So, the area uncertainty for object 3 is ±1.08cm2\pm 1.08 \, \text{cm}^2.

4. Object 4: Diameter D=5.0±0.1D = 5.0 \pm 0.1 cm

ΔA4=π5.020.1=0.785cm2\Delta A_4 = \frac{\pi \cdot 5.0}{2} \cdot 0.1 = 0.785 \, \text{cm}^2 So, the area uncertainty for object 4 is ±0.79cm2\pm 0.79 \, \text{cm}^2.

5. Object 5: Diameter D=16.0±0.1D = 16.0 \pm 0.1 cm

ΔA5=π16.020.1=2.513cm2\Delta A_5 = \frac{\pi \cdot 16.0}{2} \cdot 0.1 = 2.513 \, \text{cm}^2 So, the area uncertainty for object 5 is ±2.51cm2\pm 2.51 \, \text{cm}^2.

Final Table with Uncertainties in Area:

ObjectDiameter (cm)Circumference (cm)Area (cm²)
19.7±0.19.7 \pm 0.130.47±0.31430.47 \pm 0.31473.90±1.5273.90 \pm 1.52
26.7±0.16.7 \pm 0.121.05±0.31421.05 \pm 0.31435.26±1.0535.26 \pm 1.05
36.9±0.16.9 \pm 0.121.68±0.31421.68 \pm 0.31437.39±1.0837.39 \pm 1.08
45.0±0.15.0 \pm 0.115.71±0.31415.71 \pm 0.31419.63±0.7919.63 \pm 0.79
516.0±0.116.0 \pm 0.150.27±0.31450.27 \pm 0.314201.06±2.51201.06 \pm 2.51

Would you like more details or have any questions?

Here are 5 related questions for deeper understanding:

  1. How does the uncertainty in circumference relate to that in diameter?
  2. Why is the uncertainty in area larger than that in diameter?
  3. What role does the constant π\pi play in propagating uncertainties?
  4. How would a larger diameter uncertainty affect the final results?
  5. Can the uncertainties in the measurements be minimized, and how?

Tip: When propagating uncertainties, always consider how each measured variable affects the final calculated result to avoid underestimating the total uncertainty.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Error Propagation
Uncertainty Calculation
Geometry of Circles

Formulas

A = π(D/2)^2 = πD^2/4
ΔA = (πD/2) × ΔD

Theorems

Error Propagation Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12