Math Problem Statement

Solve each of the following equations for x ∈ [0, 2π]: a) cosec x = -2 b) cosec(x - π/4) = -2 c) 3 sec x = 2√3

Solution

Let's solve the given trigonometric equations for x[0,2π]x \in [0, 2\pi] one by one:


a) cscx=2\csc x = -2

We know the reciprocal relationship:
cscx=1sinx\csc x = \frac{1}{\sin x}
Thus, sinx=12\sin x = -\frac{1}{2}.

The sine function is negative in the third and fourth quadrants. Therefore, the solutions are:
x=π+arcsin(12)andx=2πarcsin(12)x = \pi + \arcsin\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \quad \text{and} \quad x = 2\pi - \arcsin\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)

Since arcsin(12)=π6\arcsin\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{\pi}{6}, the solutions are:
x=π+π6=7π6andx=2ππ6=11π6x = \pi + \frac{\pi}{6} = \frac{7\pi}{6} \quad \text{and} \quad x = 2\pi - \frac{\pi}{6} = \frac{11\pi}{6}

Final solutions for (a): x=7π6,11π6x = \frac{7\pi}{6}, \frac{11\pi}{6}


b) csc(xπ4)=2\csc\left(x - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = -2

Using the same reciprocal relationship,
sin(xπ4)=12.\sin\left(x - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = -\frac{1}{2}.

The sine function is negative in the third and fourth quadrants. Thus,
xπ4=π+arcsin(12)andxπ4=2πarcsin(12).x - \frac{\pi}{4} = \pi + \arcsin\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \quad \text{and} \quad x - \frac{\pi}{4} = 2\pi - \arcsin\left(\frac{1}{2}\right).

As arcsin(12)=π6\arcsin\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{\pi}{6}, we substitute:
xπ4=π+π6andxπ4=2ππ6.x - \frac{\pi}{4} = \pi + \frac{\pi}{6} \quad \text{and} \quad x - \frac{\pi}{4} = 2\pi - \frac{\pi}{6}.

Solving for xx:

  1. x=π+π6+π4=6π6+1π6+3π12=17π12x = \pi + \frac{\pi}{6} + \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{6\pi}{6} + \frac{1\pi}{6} + \frac{3\pi}{12} = \frac{17\pi}{12}
  2. x=2ππ6+π4=12π61π6+3π12=23π12x = 2\pi - \frac{\pi}{6} + \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{12\pi}{6} - \frac{1\pi}{6} + \frac{3\pi}{12} = \frac{23\pi}{12}.

Final solutions for (b): x=17π12,23π12x = \frac{17\pi}{12}, \frac{23\pi}{12}


c) 3secx=233\sec x = 2\sqrt{3}

Dividing through by 3:
secx=233.\sec x = \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}.

Taking the reciprocal relationship,
cosx=323=32.\cos x = \frac{3}{2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.

The cosine function is positive in the first and fourth quadrants. Thus,
x=arccos(32)andx=2πarccos(32).x = \arccos\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) \quad \text{and} \quad x = 2\pi - \arccos\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right).

Since arccos(32)=π6\arccos\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) = \frac{\pi}{6}, the solutions are:
x=π6andx=2ππ6=11π6.x = \frac{\pi}{6} \quad \text{and} \quad x = 2\pi - \frac{\pi}{6} = \frac{11\pi}{6}.

Final solutions for (c): x=π6,11π6x = \frac{\pi}{6}, \frac{11\pi}{6}


Summary of All Solutions:

  • (a): x=7π6,11π6x = \frac{7\pi}{6}, \frac{11\pi}{6}
  • (b): x=17π12,23π12x = \frac{17\pi}{12}, \frac{23\pi}{12}
  • (c): x=π6,11π6x = \frac{\pi}{6}, \frac{11\pi}{6}

Would you like a detailed explanation of any part? Here are some follow-up questions:

  1. How do we derive the reciprocal relationships for trigonometric functions?
  2. What are the general solutions for sinx=k\sin x = k and cosx=k\cos x = k?
  3. Why is arcsink\arcsin k only defined in [π2,π2][-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}]?
  4. Can you explain the significance of the unit circle in solving these equations?
  5. How would the solutions differ if the range for xx were not [0,2π][0, 2\pi]?

Tip: Always verify trigonometric solutions by substituting them back into the original equation!

Ask a new question for Free

By Image

Drop file here or Click Here to upload

Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Trigonometry
Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions
Solving Trigonometric Equations

Formulas

cosec x = 1/sin x
sec x = 1/cos x
arcsin(k) gives the principal angle where sin(angle) = k
arccos(k) gives the principal angle where cos(angle) = k

Theorems

Trigonometric Function Signs in Different Quadrants
Principal Values of Arcsin and Arccos
Unit Circle Definitions

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12