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### Problem 9:

#### Part (a): Calculate the tax on $125,000.
The tax policy states:
- The first $50,000 is taxed at 5%.
- Any income above $50,000 is taxed at 12%.

For an income of $125,000:
1. The first $50,000 will be taxed at 5%:
   \[
   \text{Tax on first } 50,000 = 50,000 \times 0.05 = 2,500
   \]
2. The remaining income ($125,000 - $50,000 = $75,000) will be taxed at 12%:
   \[
   \text{Tax on remaining } 75,000 = 75,000 \times 0.12 = 9,000
   \]
   
Total tax:
\[
\text{Total Tax} = 2,500 + 9,000 = 11,500
\]

#### Answer: 
The total tax on an income of $125,000 is **$11,500**.

---

#### Part (b): Write a function that models the tax policy.
Let the income be denoted by $ I $, and the tax function by $ T(I) $. The function depends on whether the income is above or below $50,000:

- If $ I \leq 50,000 $, the tax is 5% of the income:
  \[
  T(I) = 

A certain tax policy states that the first $50,000 of income is taxed at 5% and any income above $50,000 is taxed at 12%. a) Calculate the tax on $125,000. b) Write a function that models the tax policy.

Learn how to calculate the tax on an income of $125,000 with a tax policy where the first $50,000 is taxed at 5% and any income above $50,000 is taxed at 12%. The step-by-step solution includes the breakdown of tax and the creation of a function to model this policy.

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