Math Problem Statement

In a survey of the usage of three toothpaste A, B and C, it is found that 60 people like A,55 like B 40 like C, 20 like A and B, 15 like A and C and 10 like all three toothpastes. Find the following :

Solution

Let the three sets represent people who like toothpaste A, B, and C, respectively:

  • n(A)=60n(A) = 60: Number of people who like A.
  • n(B)=55n(B) = 55: Number of people who like B.
  • n(C)=40n(C) = 40: Number of people who like C.
  • n(AB)=20n(A \cap B) = 20: Number of people who like both A and B.
  • n(AC)=15n(A \cap C) = 15: Number of people who like both A and C.
  • n(BC)=10n(B \cap C) = 10: Number of people who like all three, i.e., n(ABC)=10n(A \cap B \cap C) = 10.

We need to find the following:

1. The number of people who like A only.

This is given by: n(A only)=n(A)[n(AB)+n(AC)n(ABC)]n(A \text{ only}) = n(A) - [n(A \cap B) + n(A \cap C) - n(A \cap B \cap C)] n(A only)=60[20+1510]=6025=35n(A \text{ only}) = 60 - [20 + 15 - 10] = 60 - 25 = 35

2. The number of people who like B only.

Similarly: n(B only)=n(B)[n(AB)+n(BC)n(ABC)]n(B \text{ only}) = n(B) - [n(A \cap B) + n(B \cap C) - n(A \cap B \cap C)] n(B only)=55[20+1010]=5520=35n(B \text{ only}) = 55 - [20 + 10 - 10] = 55 - 20 = 35

3. The number of people who like C only.

n(C only)=n(C)[n(AC)+n(BC)n(ABC)]n(C \text{ only}) = n(C) - [n(A \cap C) + n(B \cap C) - n(A \cap B \cap C)] n(C only)=40[15+1010]=4015=25n(C \text{ only}) = 40 - [15 + 10 - 10] = 40 - 15 = 25

4. The number of people who like both A and B but not C.

This is: n(AB but not C)=n(AB)n(ABC)n(A \cap B \text{ but not } C) = n(A \cap B) - n(A \cap B \cap C) n(AB but not C)=2010=10n(A \cap B \text{ but not } C) = 20 - 10 = 10

5. The number of people who like all three toothpastes.

This is already given: n(ABC)=10n(A \cap B \cap C) = 10

Summary of findings:

  1. People who like A only: 35
  2. People who like B only: 35
  3. People who like C only: 25
  4. People who like both A and B but not C: 10
  5. People who like all three toothpastes: 10

Would you like more details or have any further questions?

Here are some relative questions for you to consider:

  1. How many people like at least one toothpaste?
  2. How many people like both A and C but not B?
  3. What is the number of people who like exactly two toothpastes?
  4. How many people like either A or B but not C?
  5. How many people like exactly one toothpaste?

Tip: When working with sets and surveys, drawing a Venn diagram can help you visually organize the data and simplify the calculations.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Set Theory
Venn Diagrams
Inclusion-Exclusion Principle

Formulas

n(A only) = n(A) - [n(A ∩ B) + n(A ∩ C) - n(A ∩ B ∩ C)]
n(B only) = n(B) - [n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ B ∩ C)]
n(C only) = n(C) - [n(A ∩ C) + n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ B ∩ C)]
n(A ∩ B but not C) = n(A ∩ B) - n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = given value

Theorems

Inclusion-Exclusion Principle

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12