Math Problem Statement

a curve is given by the following parametric equations. x(t)= 2t^3, y(t)=3t, 0 is less than or equal to t, is less than or equal to 3. Find the exact surface area (no approximations) of the solid formed by rotating the parametric curve about the x axis SA = ______ square units

Solution

To find the surface area of the solid formed by rotating a parametric curve (x(t),y(t))(x(t), y(t)) about the x-axis, we use the following formula for surface area:

SA=2πaby(t)(dxdt)2+(dydt)2dtSA = 2\pi \int_{a}^{b} y(t) \sqrt{\left(\frac{dx}{dt}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{dy}{dt}\right)^2} \, dt

Given:

  • x(t)=2t3x(t) = 2t^3
  • y(t)=3ty(t) = 3t
  • 0t30 \leq t \leq 3

Step 1: Compute the derivatives

  • dxdt=ddt(2t3)=6t2\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt} (2t^3) = 6t^2
  • dydt=ddt(3t)=3\frac{dy}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt} (3t) = 3

Step 2: Set up the surface area formula

Now we plug these values into the surface area formula:

SA=2π033t(6t2)2+(3)2dtSA = 2\pi \int_0^3 3t \sqrt{(6t^2)^2 + (3)^2} \, dt

SA=2π033t36t4+9dtSA = 2\pi \int_0^3 3t \sqrt{36t^4 + 9} \, dt

SA=6π03t36t4+9dtSA = 6\pi \int_0^3 t \sqrt{36t^4 + 9} \, dt

Step 3: Solve the integral

To evaluate this integral, let’s make a substitution.

Let u=36t4+9u = 36t^4 + 9, so that du=144t3dtdu = 144t^3 \, dt. This substitution simplifies the integral, and solving it will give us the exact surface area.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Parametric Equations
Surface Area of Solids of Revolution
Integral Calculus
Substitution Method in Integration

Formulas

Surface Area of Revolution: SA = 2π ∫ y(t) √[(dx/dt)^2 + (dy/dt)^2] dt

Theorems

Surface Area of Revolution Formula

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Calculus Level)