In this problem, we need to analyze the forces acting on both the block of mass $m$ on the incline and the hanging block of mass 2 kg. The goal is to determine whether the system is in motion or at rest, depending on the friction forces and the conditions of equilibrium or motion.

Step 1: Analyze the forces on the block on the incline

For the block of mass $m$ on the incline, the forces are:

1. Weight (gravity): $mg$, acting vertically downward.
2. Normal force ($N$): Perpendicular to the inclined plane.
3. Frictional force ($F_f$): Opposing the motion, either static or kinetic.
4. Tension in the string ($T$): Acting up the incline.

We can break the weight into components:

• Parallel to the incline: $mg \sin(20^\circ)$
• Perpendicular to the incline: $mg \cos(20^\circ)$

The frictional force is given by $F_f = \mu N$, where $N = mg \cos(20^\circ)$.

Step 2: Analyze the forces on the hanging block (mass = 2 kg)

For the hanging block:

• The downward force due to gravity is $2g$, where $g \approx 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2$.
• The tension in the string $T$ acts upward.

Step 3: Set up equations

• For the block on the incline, the net force along the incline is: $T - F_f - mg \sin(20^\circ) = ma$ where $F_f = \mu_s N = \mu_s mg \cos(20^\circ)$ if the block is at rest.

• For the hanging block, the net force is: $2g - T = 2a$

At the point of impending motion, $a = 0$ and the tension $T$ balances the forces on both blocks.

Step 4: Static equilibrium condition (if the system is at rest)

If the system is in static equilibrium (no motion), we compare the maximum static friction force with the weight of the hanging mass.

The tension in the rope is $T = 2g = 2 \times 9.8 = 19.6 \, \text{N}$.

For the block on the incline to remain stationary: $T = \mu_s mg \cos(20^\circ) + mg \sin(20^\circ)$ Solve this equation to find the critical mass $m$.

Would you like to proceed with solving for $m$, or do you have any additional details you'd like to explore?

Here are some related questions:

1. What happens if the coefficient of friction changes?
2. How do we solve for $m$ if the system is accelerating?
3. What if the angle of the incline were steeper?
4. How would the tension change if the pulley had mass?
5. What is the effect of kinetic friction if the block starts moving?

Tip: Always ensure you distinguish between static and kinetic friction when dealing with systems like this!