Math Problem Statement

Write a matrix equation that determines the loop currents for the given circuit with four loops, using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL).

Solution

The circuit provided contains four loops with different resistors and voltage sources. To find the loop currents I1,I2,I3,I4I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4 using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), we need to apply the law to each loop and express the equations in matrix form.

Here is a step-by-step process for setting up the matrix equation:

Step 1: Assign Loop Currents

Each loop has a current I1,I2,I3,I4I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4, as indicated in the diagram.

Step 2: Write KVL Equations

For each loop, sum the voltage drops across resistors and voltage sources, following Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL). The voltage drops across each resistor are given by Ohm’s Law V=IRV = IR, where RR is the resistance, and II is the current.

  1. Loop 1 (Top Loop): 223I12(I1I2)=022 - 3I_1 - 2(I_1 - I_2) = 0 Simplifying: 22=5I12I222 = 5I_1 - 2I_2

  2. Loop 2: 64I22(I2I1)3(I2I3)=06 - 4I_2 - 2(I_2 - I_1) - 3(I_2 - I_3) = 0 Simplifying: 6=2I1+9I23I36 = -2I_1 + 9I_2 - 3I_3

  3. Loop 3: 194I33(I3I2)2(I3I4)=019 - 4I_3 - 3(I_3 - I_2) - 2(I_3 - I_4) = 0 Simplifying: 19=3I2+9I32I419 = -3I_2 + 9I_3 - 2I_4

  4. Loop 4 (Bottom Loop): 134I42(I4I3)=013 - 4I_4 - 2(I_4 - I_3) = 0 Simplifying: 13=2I3+6I413 = -2I_3 + 6I_4

Step 3: Convert to Matrix Form

Now, arrange these equations in matrix form:

5 & -2 & 0 & 0 \\ -2 & 9 & -3 & 0 \\ 0 & -3 & 9 & -2 \\ 0 & 0 & -2 & 6 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} I_1 \\ I_2 \\ I_3 \\ I_4 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 22 \\ 6 \\ 19 \\ 13 \end{pmatrix}$$ This is the matrix equation that determines the loop currents. ### Next Steps: - Solve this matrix equation using Gaussian elimination or matrix inversion to find the values of $$I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4$$. Would you like to solve for the currents or need further clarifications? ### 5 Relative Questions: 1. How would you solve this matrix equation using Gaussian elimination? 2. What method would you use to solve this system in MATLAB or Python? 3. What happens to the loop currents if the resistances are doubled? 4. Can you apply a similar approach for a mesh analysis with more than four loops? 5. What physical interpretations can you draw from the values of the loop currents? ### Tip: Always check for dependent loops or redundant loops in a circuit to simplify the system before solving.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Algebra
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
Ohm's Law
Matrix Algebra

Formulas

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): ∑V = 0
Ohm's Law: V = IR
Matrix Representation of Linear Equations

Theorems

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Ohm's Law

Suitable Grade Level

College Level - Electrical Engineering