The problem asks to evaluate logarithmic expressions, and specifically, the first part of question 5 is about evaluating $\log_2 16$.

We know the logarithmic rule that:

$\log_b (x) = y \implies b^y = x$

In this case, $\log_2 16$ means "to what power must 2 be raised to get 16?"

Since:

$2^4 = 16$

We can conclude that:

$\log_2 16 = 4$

Thus, the correct answer for part (a) is $4$.

Would you like me to help with the other parts of the problem or provide more details on this solution?

Here are 5 questions that expand on this concept:

1. What is $\log_3 27$ using the same logarithmic rule?
2. How can logarithmic properties simplify $\log_2 8$?
3. What is the logarithmic equivalent of $\log_b (1)$ for any base $b$?
4. How do you simplify $\log_2 \left( \frac{1}{8} \right)$?
5. Can you apply logarithmic rules to evaluate $\log_2 64$?

Tip: To better understand logarithms, remember that they are the inverse operation of exponentiation. Knowing the powers of small numbers like 2, 3, or 10 can make logarithmic calculations easier without a calculator.