Math Problem Statement

Determine the limit as x approaches 1 for the function (2x^3 + 3x^2 - 4x - 1) / (x^3 - 1).

Solution

It seems that extracting the mathematical expression from the image didn't work as expected. However, from the visual inspection of the image, the limit problem appears to be:

limx12x3+3x24x1x31\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{2x^3 + 3x^2 - 4x - 1}{x^3 - 1}

Let's solve this limit step by step.

  1. Factorize the denominator:
    x31x^3 - 1 can be factored as: x31=(x1)(x2+x+1)x^3 - 1 = (x - 1)(x^2 + x + 1)

  2. Substitute x=1x = 1 directly:
    If we substitute x=1x = 1 into the numerator and denominator, we get: 2(1)3+3(1)24(1)1(1)31=2+34111=00\frac{2(1)^3 + 3(1)^2 - 4(1) - 1}{(1)^3 - 1} = \frac{2 + 3 - 4 - 1}{1 - 1} = \frac{0}{0} This gives an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}, so we can use L'Hopital's Rule.

  3. L'Hopital's Rule:
    Differentiate the numerator and denominator with respect to xx.

    • Derivative of the numerator 2x3+3x24x12x^3 + 3x^2 - 4x - 1: ddx(2x3+3x24x1)=6x2+6x4\frac{d}{dx}(2x^3 + 3x^2 - 4x - 1) = 6x^2 + 6x - 4
    • Derivative of the denominator x31x^3 - 1: ddx(x31)=3x2\frac{d}{dx}(x^3 - 1) = 3x^2

    Now, the limit becomes: limx16x2+6x43x2\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{6x^2 + 6x - 4}{3x^2}

  4. Substitute x=1x = 1 into the new expression: 6(1)2+6(1)43(1)2=6+643=83\frac{6(1)^2 + 6(1) - 4}{3(1)^2} = \frac{6 + 6 - 4}{3} = \frac{8}{3}

Thus, the value of the limit is 83\frac{8}{3}.

Would you like further details or have any questions about the solution?

Here are some related questions:

  1. What is L'Hopital's Rule and when is it applied?
  2. How do you factorize cubic polynomials like x31x^3 - 1?
  3. Can we solve this limit by factoring the numerator instead of using L'Hopital's Rule?
  4. What other methods can solve indeterminate forms like 00\frac{0}{0}?
  5. How can you apply limits to more complex rational functions?

Tip: Always check if substituting the limit value directly into a function results in an indeterminate form before using L'Hopital's Rule.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Limits
Polynomial Functions
L'Hopital's Rule
Factoring Polynomials

Formulas

Limit of a function
Derivative of polynomial functions

Theorems

L'Hopital's Rule

Suitable Grade Level

College