Let's solve the given problems step by step:

1. $5 - 4.999 + 0.795$

• First, subtract $5 - 4.999 = 0.001$
• Then, add $0.001 + 0.795 = 0.796$

Result: $0.796$

2. $0.12 + 8.079 - 4.108$

• First, add $0.12 + 8.079 = 8.199$
• Then, subtract $8.199 - 4.108 = 4.091$

Result: $4.091$

3. $0.12 + 0.001 - 0.007$

• First, add $0.12 + 0.001 = 0.121$
• Then, subtract $0.121 - 0.007 = 0.114$

Result: $0.114$

4. $12 + 0.04 - 8.012$

• First, add $12 + 0.04 = 12.04$
• Then, subtract $12.04 - 8.012 = 4.028$

Result: $4.028$

Let me know if you want more details or explanations for any of the steps!

Here are five related questions you might find useful:

1. What is the general rule for adding and subtracting decimals?
2. How can I quickly verify subtraction involving decimals?
3. Why is aligning decimal points crucial when performing operations?
4. How can rounding affect results in decimal calculations?
5. What are some common pitfalls when adding and subtracting decimals?

Tip: When adding or subtracting decimals, always align the decimal points to avoid errors.