Math Problem Statement

Solve the partial differential equation pq+qx=y

Solution

The given partial differential equation is:

pq+qx=ypq + qx = y

where p=uxp = \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} and q=uyq = \frac{\partial u}{\partial y}, and we are looking for a solution for the function u(x,y)u(x, y).

Step 1: Rewrite the equation

The given equation can be rewritten in terms of partial derivatives:

uxuy+uyx=y\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} \cdot x = y

which simplifies to:

qp+qx=yq p + qx = y

This is a first-order linear partial differential equation. To solve it, we will first look for a method like the method of characteristics.

Step 2: Apply the method of characteristics

We can associate this with a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the characteristics. For the equation pq+qx=ypq + qx = y, the characteristic equations are:

  1. dxds=q\frac{dx}{ds} = q
  2. dyds=x\frac{dy}{ds} = x
  3. duds=y\frac{du}{ds} = y

From these, we can solve for the characteristic curves, and in turn, the general solution to the partial differential equation.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Partial Differential Equations
Method of Characteristics
First-Order Linear PDEs

Formulas

p = ∂u/∂x
q = ∂u/∂y
dx/ds = q
dy/ds = x
du/ds = y

Theorems

Method of Characteristics for PDEs

Suitable Grade Level

Graduate-Level Mathematics